THE YEAR'S VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 511 



April number of The Quarterly Review. On the evidence of 

 these skulls Mr. Ewart proposes to recognise three types of 

 domesticated horse, severally distinguished by the degree 

 of inclination of the face to the basal axis of the cranium. 



During the year Dr. Ameghino has published in the Anales 

 of the Buenos Aires Museum (vol. xvi.) a figure of the skeleton 

 of Hippidium, a small extinct South American horse remarkable 

 for the great length of the nasal bones and of the slits by which 

 they are separated from the adjacent elements of the skull. A 

 model of the skeleton from which Dr. Ameghino's figure is taken 

 has been installed in the British Museum (Natural History). 



A new rhinoceros from Portugal has been named by 

 Mr. Roman in the paper cited above, and Mr. F. Toula 

 (Jahrb. Geol. Reichsanstalt, vol. lxvi.) records a new variety 

 of Rhinoceros mercki from Austria. 



Brief mention may here be made of another paper by 

 Dr. Ameghino in the serial just quoted, where it is pointed 

 out that the skulls of some of the South American toxodonts 

 are furnished with rudimentary horn-like prominences. 



As regards the proboscidean group, reference has already 

 been made to the discovery of an extinct elephant and mastodon 

 in South Africa ; and it should be added that Dr. Schlosser, 

 in a paper quoted above, has recorded remains of Mastodon 

 longirostris from the upper Tertiary of Spain. To the energy 

 of Miss Dorothea Bate science is indebted for the discovery 

 of remains of a pigmy elephant {Elephas cretensis) in the 

 caves of Crete ; these having been described and figured by 

 their discoverer in the August issue of the Zoological Society's 

 Proceedings. To the exhibition galleries of the American 

 Museum has been added a complete skeleton of the Columbian 

 mammoth, discovered in Indiana in 1903. According to a pre- 

 liminary description by Prof. H. F. Osborn published in the 

 Bulletin of the American Museum (vol. xxiii. p. 255), the 

 mounted skeleton stands 10 ft. 6 in. at the shoulder. The 

 largest known tusk of this species or race of mammoth 

 appears to be one referred to in Science for 1907 (vol. xxv. 

 p. 971) by Mr. C. H. Sternberg, of which the exposed portion 

 measured 14 ft. in length, with a basal diameter of 8 in. 



Of the few papers on fossil cetaceans which have come 

 under the writer's notice, one by Mr. F. W. True, issued 

 as No. 1694 of the quarto series of publications of the 



