THE SANITARY AWAKENING OF INDIA 189 



and I trust that it marks the beginning of that co-operation of 

 the public, upon the necessity for which I have insisted so 

 frequently, and without which we can never hope to achieve a 

 victory in our campaign against malaria. 



But, although jungle-clearing may prove useful in flat 

 country, it is doubtful whether it will avail in hilly tracts 

 intersected by ravines. Watson has found it useless in Malaya, 

 and Major Perry, as the result of his investigations in the 

 Jeypore Hill Tracts, confirms these conclusions. In a paper 

 which he read before the last Malarial Conference he showed 

 that, whereas on the 3,000 ft. plateau, jungle-clearing produces 

 little obvious effect, on the 2,000 ft. plateau the conditions are 

 different, and he believes that in this situation the proper 

 clearing of jungle gives hope of the practical eradication of 

 malaria. 



Much important work has been done in India in connection 

 with the stocking of pools and tanks with mosquito destroyers, 

 and the observations of Sewell and Chaudhri in Calcutta, of 

 Glen Liston in Bombay, and of Wilson in Madras have shown 

 that this need not be an expensive or troublesome task. It is 

 not necessary thatiwe should import the much-vaunted "millions" 

 from Barbadoes ; we have in India numerous fish of proved 

 utility as mosquito destroyers, especially species belonging to 

 the four genera Haplochilus, Ambassis, Trichogaster, and 

 Nuria. 



The credit for the inception o{ the Indian Research Fund Asso- 

 ciation, which was established in 191 1, is due to the late Lieut- 

 Col. Leslie, Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of 

 India, whose untimely death has deprived of a valued colleague 

 all those interested in the cause of sanitation in the East. The 

 objects of the Association are the prosecution and assistance of 

 research, the propagation of knowledge, and experimental 

 measures generally, in connection with the causation, mode of 

 spread, and prevention of communicable diseases. The nucleus 

 of the fund was a grant of five lakhs from the Government of 

 India, to which a similar amount has since been added, and the 

 control and management of the Association are vested in a 

 governing body the president of which is the Honourable 

 Member in charge of the Education Department. The Governing 

 Body is assisted by a " Scientific Advisory Board," of whom not 

 less than three are members of the governing body. They examine 



