THE SANITARY AWAKENING OF INDIA 187 



been started at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli, where 

 a very fine collection of mosquitos and their natural enemies 

 has now been arranged and is available for study. We have 

 also organised classes of instruction in malarial technique. 

 These classes meet twice a year, and the course lasts for two 

 months. During the last two years the system of these classes 

 has been modified so as to make them more practical and to 

 render it possible for any medical officer or subordinate, who is 

 seriously desirous of studying malaria, to gain admission to one 

 of the classes, and it is hoped that ere long this will result in a 

 large number of competent and keenly active workers being 

 spread over the country — a result which cannot fail to bring about 

 a great increase in our knowledge, not only of malaria, but of 

 other closely allied diseases, especially those of the " Leish- 

 mania" group. In 191 1 only 18 officers were trained at these 

 classes, all from the civil side. During 19 12, however, we 

 trained 57 candidates, of whom 27 were in civil and 30 in 

 military employ; whilst in 1913 we admitted 64 candidates, 

 32 military and 32 civil. In conformity too with the practical 

 aspect of our policy we arranged that the last two classes, instead 

 of meeting at Amritsar, should be held at Delhi, where Captain 

 Hodgson, who was officiating for Major Christophers, was con- 

 ducting a detailed malarial survey of the Imperial enclave — a 

 survey which, by the way, proved of the greatest value to the 

 authorities when they had to decide upon the site for the new 

 Imperial Delhi. Thus Captain Hodgson's pupils have actually 

 participated in a malarial survey, and are! fully equipped for 

 carrying on similar work in their own districts. 



There are at the present moment eight officers on special 

 duty in different parts of India, studying the local conditions 

 which underlie and are causing the malaria and devising schemes 

 for its reduction or abolition. The Government of India has set 

 aside a sum of five lakhs for anti-malarial purposes, and, from 

 this, special grants have been made for such investigations, and 

 as schemes have been prepared, further grants have been given 

 either to cover their full cost or to assist in bringing them 

 into effect, the guiding principle being as far as possible to 

 recommend expenditure only upon schemes which preliminary 

 investigations have shown to be likely to accomplish definite 

 results. Thus to Madras Rs. 28,000 has been given for a 

 malarial survey in Ennore, and to Bombay Rs. 50,000 to assist 



