152 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



known and have been too long refuted to detain us now. But 

 possibly some of us have little idea of the furore that phrenology 

 caused in the early years of last century. The Phrenological 

 Society of Edinburgh had 630 members, that of London 300, and 

 a Chair of Phrenology was actually established at the Ander- 

 sonian College in Glasgow. 



The modern problem is not where the soul is seated, but 

 what precise modification of cerebral tissue constitutes the 

 physical concomitant of a mental process— that the two pro- 

 cesses are intimately correlated no one doubts. Until lately, 

 physiologists had been content to refer states of consciousness 

 to states of activity of the bodies of the nerve-cells found inside 

 the grey matter of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres. But 

 the physiological psychologist, Dr. MacDougal, of Oxford, has 

 brought forward some evidence which points to certain delicate 

 junctions between the processes of the one nerve-cell and those 

 of another as being the actual seats of consciousness. The 

 problem is one of interest entirely to the specialist, and one only 

 to be solved by the specialist ; but the broad fact remains that 

 natural science knows of no mind as apart from matter, and only 

 a very specialised kind of matter, as directly related to the 

 existence and development of what we understand by mind. 



