REVIEWS 579 



in various ways shared his labours, with the object of bringing to the knowledge 

 of a number of readers, even larger than he had himself secured in his life-time 

 and through his own language, the researches and the conclusions of a remarkable 

 man. 



Mr. Edward Lindsey, who contributes an editorial preface— a gracefully 

 accomplished task, for which his own position and attainments well qualify him — 

 reminds us that Tarde was an original thinker in three separate fields of know- 

 ledge—psychology, sociology, and criminology— and that he pursued with success 

 the careers of magistrate, statistician, and professor of political science. It is not 

 irrelevant to note (though in the most summary fashion) the chief phases or 

 chapters of his full and varied life. Born at Sarlat in Southern France in 1843, 

 and educated at the Jesuit College in that place, he early showed an inclination 

 for philosophical inquiry. After studying law at Toulouse and at Paris, he 

 returned to his native town to practise as a lawyer. 



In 1869 he was made a judge of the Tribunal of First Instance at Sarlat, and 

 in 1875 juge diminution. This position he occupied till 1894, when he was 

 appointed chief of the Bureau of Statistics in the Department of Justice. 

 Established in Paris, Tarde was soon appointed to a chair in the School of 

 Political Sciences ; in 1900 he became Professor in the College of France, and 

 was elected to the Institute as a member of the Academy of Moral and Political 

 Sciences. 



Throughout this life, which ended in 1904, he supplemented and enriched his 

 public and professional work by numerous writings. In 1880 he contributed to 

 the Revue philosophique a series of discussions and criticism of the theories 

 of Lombroso. He was associated with Professor Lacassaque in the establishment 

 of the Archives cT Anthropologic Criminelle, and regularly contributed to this 

 journal his life long. His books followed one another in rapid succession. 

 La Criminalite comparfe, the earliest, appeared in 1886, and passed through 

 several editions. The author sets out the view, which he developed and illustrated 

 afterwards in other publications, that the criminal is a professional type, and treats 

 crime as a social phenomenon. In 1890, when he also produced the book now 

 given in English translation, he wrote Les Lois limitation ; in 1895 came La 

 Logique Sociale, and two years later L'Opposition Universelle. fetudes penales et 

 Sociales (1891), Les Transformations du Droit (1894), Les Transformations die 

 pouvoir (1899), L? Opinion et la Foitle ( 1 90 1 ), and Psychologie iconomique (1902), 

 are among his other writings. The titles illustrate at once the wide range of 

 Tarde's interests, and his concentration upon a single problem for the elucidation 

 of which he was able to draw not only upon the resources of his varied learning, 

 but upon his experience as a man of affairs. 



The present volume belongs to the Modern Criminal Science Series, in which 

 it is intended to include important treaties on criminology written in foreign 

 languages, but presented in English Versions. It is issued under the auspices 

 of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, which was organised 

 in 1909 at the National Conference held in that year at the North-Western 

 University in Chicago. A committee was entrusted with the duty of selecting 

 works for translation, and for arranging that they should be published. The 

 members of the committee have prefixed a brief introduction to the book novy before 

 us. They declare their opinion that " for the community at large it is important 

 to recognise that Criminal Science is a larger thing than Criminal Law. The 

 legal profession," they add, " in particular, has a duty to familiarise itself with 

 the principles of that science as the sole means for intelligent and systematic 



