636 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



present, and that they differed in size ; but the teeth of the 

 larger individuals of the smaller species may equal in size 

 the teeth of the smaller individuals of the larger species. The 

 matter is likewise complicated by the fact that [in all horses] 

 the premolars are larger than the molars of the same individual." 



As the result of the acquisition of additional remains, Dr. 

 Broom (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist vol. xxxii. pp. 437-9) has 

 been enabled to give further particulars with regard to the 

 affinities of the extinct South African horse described by himself 

 in 1909 under the name of Equus capensis. These are stated to 

 indicate a heavily built, short-legged species, standing about four- 

 teen hands, and apparently distinct from all the existing South 

 African members of the genus, as well as from the Arab stock. 



The only literature relating to extinct tapirs published 

 during the year appears to be a note by Dr. Merriam {Pub. Cali- 

 fornia Univ., Bull.Dep. Geol. vol. vii. pp. 169-75) on a lower molar 

 of a tapir obtained many years ago from the auriferous gravels 

 of California. It is considered to represent a new race of a 

 species described by Leidy from the Pleistocene of South 

 Carolina. To this race (Tapirus haysii californicus) is also 

 provisionally referred a set of three upper molars from the late 

 Tertiary of Oregon. T. haysii appears to be nearly related to 

 the existing Central American T. bairdi. 



Several papers on extinct elephants have appeared during 

 the year, notably one in the Palceontographica (vol. lx. pp. 1-114) 

 by Mr. Wolfgang Soergel on the relationship and phylogeny of 

 Elephas trogontherii and E. antiquus, and their value in the matter 

 of zoning the German Diluvium. The fossil elephants of the 

 Pleistocene of St. Acheul and Montieres form the subject of a 

 paper of six pages by Mr. V. Commont, published in Bull. Soc. 

 Linn. Nord France for 191 2 (19 13); they included trogontherii 

 antiquus, and primigenius, the first of these being regarded as a 

 race of meridionalis. In a third paper, by Mr. H. Pohlig (Bull. 

 Soc. beige Geol. vol. xxvii. P.V. pp. 142-7), the occurrence of 

 trogontherii (regarded as a race of primigenius) on the Lower 

 Rhine near Mosbach is recorded. 



Stegodont elephants from the Kendeng beds of Java form 

 the subject of a memoir by Mr. Soergel in the Palceontographica, 

 suppl. iv. pp. 1-24, most of which are referred to Stegodon 

 airawana and S. trigonocephalus. 



The phylogeny of the whalebone-whales is discussed in an 



