244 



THE GUIDE TO NATURE. 



A GOOD REFLECTION WITH KODAK. 



portrait attachment, has been used on a 

 variety of subjects, including flowers, 

 plants, native trees, fungi, caterpillars, 

 birds and their nests, animals ; and there 

 is not an instance, in which a failure was 

 due to the inefficiency of the instrument. 



Focussing- was with the scale, always , 

 distances being estimated in the ordi- 

 nary work, and accurately measured 

 from the front lens to the subject when 

 the portrait attachment was used. With 

 this combination of lenses the wide open 

 diaphragm and the making- of snap-shots 

 except in cases of absolute necessity, 

 have been avoided. Not that the com- 

 bination is incapable of the work, but, 

 owing- to the oeneral lack ^f t^at suf- 

 ficient depth, which, working at close 

 range, can be secured, only, by stopping 

 down; which, however, does not imply 

 that very small stops must be used. By 

 usage stop 32 U. S. (f 22, 6) became a 

 standard, those on either side of it being 

 drawn unon as occasion recpiired ; but 

 seldom a larger or a smaller one. 



The illustrations of the Citheronia 

 (caterpillar of the regal moth), king- 

 birds on the nest and young thrushes, 

 are some of the exceptions. The first 

 was a snap-shot, necessitated by the con- 

 tinual movement of the subject ; the stop 

 indicator pointing to the mark 8 (f 11.3). 

 The others were photographed in an or- 

 dinary room, with a sheet of cardboard 

 for a background, the stop indicator at 

 the mark, 4 (f 8), and with the shortest 

 possible 'bulb exposure. The other illus- 

 trations' were photographed in the ordi- 

 nary wav. 



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"SOME "SNAP SHOTS" IN THE PARK. 



