34 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



Nothing particularly new has emerged in the petrographical 

 results of the 1907-9 Shackleton Antarctic Expedition. It 

 contains detailed descriptions of the rocks of Mount Erebus 

 and Other parts of Ross Island, and from the mainland of South 

 Victoria Land, which are illustrated by numerous new chemical 

 analyses. 



Natural History of Sedimentary Rocks 



Johnston, J., and Williamson, E. D., The Role of Inorganic Agencies in the 

 Deposition of Calcium Carbonate, Journ. Geo/. 1916, 24, 729-50. 



Van Tuyl, F. M., A Contribution to the Oolite Problem, ibid. 792-7. 



Johnson, D. W., Contributions to the Study of Ripple Marks, ibid. 809-19. 



Cole, G. A. J., Rhythmic Deposition of Flint, Geol. Mag. (6), 1917, 4, 64-8. 



ABBOTT, G., Tubular Structures in Rocks which are probably due to Osmotic 

 Action, Trans. South-Eastern Union of Scientific Societies, 1916, 20-3. 



Andree, K., Wesen, Ursachen, und Arten der Schichtung, Geol. Rundschau, 



1915,6,351-98. 

 Haberle, D., Die Gitter-, Netz-, und Wabenformige Verwitterung der Sandsteine, 



ibid. 264-85. 

 Barrell, J., Dominantly Fluviatile Origin under Seasonal Rainfall of the Old 



Red Sandstone, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, 1916, 27, 345-86. 

 Clarke, F. W., and Wheeler, W. C, The Inorganic Constituents of Marine 



Invertebrates, United States Geological Survey, Prof. Paper 102, 1917, pp. 56. 

 Field, R. M., A Preliminary Paper on the Origin and Classification of Intra- 



formational Conglomerates and Breccias, Ottawa Naturalist, 1916, 30, 29-36, 



47-52, 58-66. 



The paper by Barrell on the Old Red Sandstone is of great 

 importance to British geologists. His hypothesis of fluviatile 

 origin of the formation in general is based mainly on lithological 

 features, such as the great thickness and extent of the con- 

 glomerates, and the persistence in depth and lateral extent of 

 appearances, mudcracks, etc., which indicate long exposure to 

 the atmosphere. An analogy is drawn between the Old Red 

 Sandstone and the great Tertiary formations of the inter- 

 montane regions of the western United States, which were 

 formerly regarded as the deposits of great freshwater lakes, but 

 are now known to be of fluviatile origin. 



The discussion by Clarke and Wheeler of 250 new analyses 

 of the hard parts of marine invertebrates and calcareous algae 

 throws much light on the origin of marine limestone in general, 

 and dolomitic limestone in particular. While the majority of 

 organisms are highly calcareous, some, such as foraminifera, 

 alcyonarians, echinoderms, Crustacea, and coralline algae are 

 highly magnesian ; and phosphorus is also abundant in crusta- 



