146 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



Darwin did not originate the doctrine of evolution. Darwin did not publish his 

 memorable paper at the Linnean Society until years after Spencer had published 

 the gist of his doctrine of evolution, and Darwin never subscribed to the doctrine 

 of evolution. It is true that his theory of the Origin of Species gave an immense 

 corroboration to that doctrine, brought it into notice, and furnished it ultimately 

 with a tremendous impetus ; but neither Darwin himself, the Moses of the New 

 Exodus, nor Huxley, its Aaron, was ever a whole-hearted follower of Spencer. 



It is not too much to say that no one can understand the trend of modern 

 thought who is ignorant of the works of Spencer, just as no one can understand 

 mediaeval thought and the renaissance who is ignorant of the works of Aristotle. 

 The world is ruled neither by kings, nor by emperors, nor by ministers of State, 

 no, nor by democracies. The world is ruled by ideas, and by the ideas of 

 philosophers. In the last resort, it is the philosophers who rule the world ; and 

 in the front rank of philosophers will always stand the figure of Herbert Spencer. 



PARASITES OP MEN, by Annie Porter : on The Animal Parasites 

 of Man. By H. B. Fantham, M.A., D.Sc, J. W. W. Stephens, M.D., 

 D.P.H., and F. V. Theobold, M.A., F.E.S., Hon. F.R.H.S. [Pp. 

 xxxii + 900, with 423 illustrations.] (London : John Bale, Sons & 

 Danielsson, Ltd., 1916. Price 455. net.) 



DURING the last few years the number of organisms known to produce disease in 

 man and in other animals has increased enormously. The study of parasites has 

 become more and more important from the standpoints of social and economic 

 development. The ravages of disease due to minute animal parasites often trans- 

 mitted by biting insects have been sufficient to retard colonisation and development 

 of some of the most productive areas in the tropics, while in temperate climates 

 development and productivity have been lessened by the attacks of malarial para- 

 sites, spirochact.es of relapsing fever, worm complaints, or other maladies of animal 

 origin. The necessity for a knowledge of the causal agents of many diseases 

 practically unknown to England has been evidenced in the present war, where 

 amcebiasis, spirochetoses, malarial fevers, flagellate diarrhoeas or dysenteries, 

 coccidiosis and bilharziasis, all have played a part in increasing mortality among 

 the troops. Information regarding numerous animal excitants of disease can be 

 obtained, but it is scattered, is frequently found in obscure or little-known publica- 

 tions, and in many cases is not easy of access either to the zoologist or the medical 

 man desirous of information. The present volume is therefore welcome, since it 

 contains an account of the many animal parasites of man found in the three great 

 groups — Protozoa, Worms, and Arthropoda. 



While the book is stated to be partly adapted from Braun's Die Tierischen 

 Parasiten des Menschen, English edition, 1908, the adaptation has had to be 

 carried out on so broad a scale that for practical purposes the work is a new one. 

 The incorporation of much new matter, the exclusion of inaccuracies, and the 

 making of numerous alterations were essential for accuracy. The Protozoa section, 

 apart from a few historical references, has been written by Dr. Fantham, and 

 must be regarded as new. The section on Worms by Dr. Stephens has been so 

 remodelled that it, too, is practically new ; while numerous additions have been 

 made to the section on Arthropoda by Prof. Theobald. During the time that the 

 work has been in the press, a considerable scientific output has occurred. In 

 order to bring the work up-to-date, use has been made of Appendices, which are 



