NOTES 649 



or vibration. This is in harmony with many physical properties of liquids— their 

 compressibilities, etc. 



It may be remarked that if at least two points of the curve are known, (a) the 

 position of maximum jfo/ and (b) the critical point, the whole of the curve can be 

 traced (at least approximately). Maximum is at about 74 crit. temp. Curves for 

 helium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc., might be found. 



The curves themselves are constructed from data furnished by S. Young 

 {Journ. Chem. Soc. 1880). 



[NOTE. — There seem to be slight irregularities in the curves near the critical 

 points. The curve for pentane seems to be the most regular, and cuts the line 

 a" b" at right angles. A comparison of the other curves with this will show that 

 they depart from this rule. On the other hand, the curve for fluorbenzene cuts 

 the line vertically or nearly so. The curve for stannic chloride follows that for 

 pentane.] 



Recent Criticism of the Carnegie Trust 



We have been asked to republish the following Report of a Committee of the 

 British Science Guild upon the Carnegie Trust in connection with scientific 

 research. The Report is taken from the Journal of the British Science Guild, and 

 is based upon an article contributed by Prof. F. Soddy to SCIENCE PROGRESS for 

 January 191 7. 



" The Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland was founded by Mr. 

 Andrew Carnegie in 1901, with a gift of .£2,000,000. One-half of the annual income 

 from this fund has to be devoted to the payment of students' fees in Scottish univer- 

 sities, and the other half is to be applied ' towards the improvement and expansion 

 of the Universities of Scotland, in the Faculties of Science and Medicine ; also 

 for improving and extending the opportunities for scientific study and research, 

 and for increasing the facilities for acquiring a knowledge of History, Economics, 

 English Literature and Modern Languages, and such other subjects cognate to a 

 technical and commercial education as can be brought within the scope of the 

 university curriculum.' 



" The annual income of the Trust has amounted in the past to rather more 

 than £100,000, and, after defraying the expenses of administration, there has been 

 left about £99,000 as the net revenue available for distribution under the two 

 main heads of the scheme, or £49,500 for the part of it referred to above. In 

 the future a very appreciable increase of revenue is to be anticipated. 



" In the article contributed to Science Progress for January 1917, Prof. F. 

 Soddy, Professor of Chemistry in the University of Aberdeen, analysed the 

 operations of the Trust, particularly as regards the promotion of scientific study 

 and research. Prof. Soddy pointed out that, by a reasonable interpretation of 

 the Trust Deed, the primary purpose of the income from one-half of Mr. Carnegie's 

 gift was the encouragement of scientific study and research, including medicine, 

 and that history and other subjects cognate to a commercial and technical educa- 

 tion were to be regarded as ancillary beneficiaries ; while the other subjects of a 

 classical education were entirely excluded from participating in the fund. He 

 showed, however, that in the case of the University of Aberdeen only 23 per cent, 

 of the grants made had been allocated to the primary object, while 46 per cent, 

 had been devoted to the ancillary object, and 19 per cent, to the objects which, in 

 so far as they are not illegitimate, are ancillary. Up to September 191 3, the 

 Universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow had each received more than 60 per cent, 

 of the total sums for the primary purpose of the fund, but the quinquennial dis- 

 tribution since then had been allocated to buildings chiefly for Arts accommoda- 



