REVIEWS 177 



looked. The employment of a submarine light, i.e. a properly insulated and 



waterproofed electric light, led to the capture of a large number of nocturnal 



marine animals mostly planctonic, but including some interesting fish. Although 



mainly concerned with marine work, subdivision of the party allowed of a fair 



amount of work on shore which resulted in a rich " bag " of land molluscs. 



Several problems regarding Chilian land shells await solution, and the present 



expedition will no doubt throw considerable light on them. 



The book is plentifully supplied with illustrations, some from photographs and 



some in colour, and on the whole they reach a very high level. The whole book 



is full of interest and makes one look forward to the fuller and more scientific 



records of the rich and varied collections that were made under such ideal 



conditions, for, as this book clearly shows, few things can be more enjoyable 



than a prolonged hard-working picnic with an amiable group of enthusiastic 



naturalists. 



C. H. O'D. 



Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War. By W. Trotter. [Pp. 213.] 

 (London : T. Fisher Unwin. Price is. 6d. net.) 



Mr. Trotter's book is a reasonable and seasonable study of certain sociological 

 aspects of the gregarious instinct. The relationship between individuals and the 

 communities which they constitute is not unlike the relationship between the body 

 and its constituent cells. The cells are more or less capable of living their own 

 individual lives ; but, incorporate in the body, they are subject to constitutional 

 incitements and excitements en masse. And even so, both in peace and war, 

 individuals, by processes of suggestion and emotional contagion, acquire functions 

 and characters that are integrated to a common end. In peace we have such 

 pathological instances of gregarious impulse, as tarantism and flagellation. In 

 war we have the amazing spectacle of millions of men destroying each other. And 

 instances of everyday less sensational herd-instinct abound. 



Mr. Trotter deals with his subject in a competent and interesting manner ; 

 but his mode of expression is often clumsy and involved, and we are inclined to 

 question whether his division of gregariousness into aggressive, protective, and 

 social types can be singly exemplified in civilised nations of to-day. Rather, 

 perhaps, all civilised nations and their gregarious impulses are complexes repre- 

 sentative of all three types. 



Read in conjunction with such treatises as Le Bon's Psychology of Peoples, 

 Spencer's Political Bias, Sidis' Psychology of Suggestion, Mr. Trotter's book will 

 certainly suffice to set the reader on the road towards the comprehension and 

 solution of various social problems particularly instant at the present time. 



Ronald Campbell Macfie. 



The Insects attacking Stored Wheat in the Punjab, and the methods of 

 combating them, together with a Chapter on the Chemistry of Respiration. 

 By J. H. Barnes, B.Sc, F.I.C., F.C.S., and A. J. Grove, M.Sc. Memoir 

 of the Department of Agriculture in India, Chemical Series, Vol. iv., No. 6, 

 1916. Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa. [Pp. vi, 175-280, with 12 text- 

 figures and 4 coloured plates.] (Calcutta : Thacker, Spink & Co. ; London 

 W. Thacker & Co. Price 5-y. bd. net.) 



The senior author of this memoir was endeavouring to prevent the damage 

 caused in seed wheat through the action of insect pests, using for the purpose 

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