2 ;8 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



not known ; but from its gorilloid characters, it was assumed 

 upon the evolutionary hypothesis that it represented the 

 lowliest and therefore the oldest type of human whose works 

 had been discovered. The finding of this species, however, 

 associated with a mousterian industry, and in stratigraphical 

 superiority to the chellian and acheulian, revealed its existence 

 at a much later date than was expected. Whatever might 

 have been the date of its first appearance it was evident it 

 had lasted down to post-acheulian times, and although litho- 

 clasiologically absolutely distinct, it was faunistically associ- 

 ated with it without any break. 



It is not so, however, in its relation to the superimposed 

 aurignacean : here we have modern man separated by a pro- 

 digious fauna, of arctic habitat, and wearing the facies of 

 both the past and the future. 1 The lithoclasiological break 

 is just as pronounced. Obviously we have here a break so 

 large that it must be very pronounced and conspicuous in any 

 system of classification. 



It cannot be supposed for a moment that every man living 

 at this period was either morphologically or culturally mous- 

 terian, and we find here two and probably three well-marked 

 cultural stages, and although the lower had a number of forms 

 of implements which do not pass higher, it still had badly made 

 bouchers, that associate it with the acheulian. The other 

 two divisions have both connecting and separating forms, 

 so that the three should be grouped in one division, say as a 

 lower, middle, and upper. 



From the aurignacean upwards (with the exception of the 

 solutrian, with its very fine clinoclastic work) there is no break, 

 they belong to one great division ; but we must not call it 

 either palaeolithic or neolithic : it is the division of the new 

 men and we may therefore call it the neoanthropic : and the 

 antecedent division, being that of the old men, the palasanthropic. 

 The upper part of the neoanthropic will coincide with the 

 holocene, the various cultures of which have not yet been 

 thoroughly worked out, defined, or named, but the existence 

 of some of them is indicated by their lithoclasiology. The 

 lower part will lie in the pleistocene. 



1 "The Ossiferous Fissures of the Valley of the Shode," QJ.G.S. vol. 1. 

 pp. 188-210, and vol. lv. 419-29; "Pleistocene Vertebrates," Proc. S.E.U.S.S. 

 1908, pp. 96-113; Pal. Soc. Mono. 1909. 



