THE AGE AND AREA LAW 449 



The present writer in work about to be published on the 

 evolution and geographical distribution of the Composite, has 

 found the age and area law very valuable indeed, confirming 

 in the case of every tribe the phylogenetic conclusions reached 

 in the study of the morphology and physiology of the sub- 

 divisions of that large and undoubtedly recent family. 1 



Bibliography 



1. Copeland, E. B., Natural Selection and the Dispersal of Species, Philippi7ie 



Journal of Science, vol. xi. p. 147, Manila, 1916. 



2. Coulter, M. C, Distribution of Species, Botanical Gazette, vol. lxiii. p. 419, 



1917. 



3. De Vries, H., The Origin by Mutation of the Endemic Plants of Ceylon, 



Science, N.S., vol. xliii. p. 785, 1916. 



4. L 'evolution des etres organises par sauts brusques, Scientia,vo\. xix. p. 1, 



1916. 



5. The Distribution of Species in New Zealand, Science, N.S., vol. xliv. 



p. 641, 1917. 



6. Lotsv, J. P., Die endemischen Pflanzen von Ceylon und die Mutationshypo- 



these, Biolog. Centralblt. vol. xxxvi. p. 207, 19 16. 



7. Ridley, H. N., Endemism and the Mutation Theory, Ann. Bot. vol. xxx. 



1916, p. 551. 



8. Sinnott, E. W., The "Age and Area" Hypothesis and the Problem of 



Endemism, ibid. vol. xxxi. 1917, P- 209. 



9. Taylor, N., Endemism in the Flora of the Vicinity of New York, Torreya, 



vol. xvi. 1916, p. 18. 



10. Willis, J. C, Some Evidence against . . . Natural Selection, Ann. R. B. 



Gardens, Perad. vol. iv. 1907, p. 1. 



11. Further Evidence . . ., ibid. Perad. vol. iv. 1907, p. 17. 



12. Geographical Distribution of the Dilleniaceav'foV/. Perad. vol. iv. 1907^.69. 



13. The Lack of Adaptation in the Tristichaceae and Podostemaceae, Proc. 



Roy. Soc. B, vol. lxxxvii. 1914, p. 532. 



14. The Origin of the Tristichaceae and Podostemaceae, Ann. Bot. vol. xxix. 



191 5, p. 299. 



15. The Endemic Flora of Ceylon, Phil. Trans. B, vol. ccvi. 1915, p. 307. 



16. The Evolution of Species in Ceylon, with reference to the Dying Out of 



Species, Ann. Bot. vol. xxx. 191 6, p. 1. 



17. The Distribution of Species in New Zealand, ibid. vol. xxx. 1916, p. 437. 



18. The Relative Age of Endemic Species, and other Controversial Points, 



ibid. vol. xxxi. 19 17, p. 189. 



19. Further Evidence for Age and Area : its Applicability to the Ferns, etc., 



ibid. vol. xxxi. July 191 7. 



1 Since the above was written Willis has published a further paper {Ann. Bot. 

 vol. xxxi. 1917) in which he shows that the area occupied by a species in New 

 Zealand increases with the number of outlying islands included in the total area 

 of the species. A most remarkable confirmation of a prediction to that effect. 

 A further example of the action of the age and area law has been found in the 

 Australian grasses by Breakwell. 



