THE ORIGIN OF GYMNOSPERMS 235 



owe to Dr. Scott, 1 is, no doubt, regarded as lending support to 

 the view that some of the Coniferae may have been derived from 

 Lycopods. 



In conclusion, it has been shown that the study of fossil 

 botany has thrown light on the ancestry of at least one group 

 of Gymnosperms, the Cycads. These plants, still surviving as 

 mere remnants of what was once a great race in past times, 

 were descended, ultimately, from the Ferns. The intermediate 

 stage, represented by the Pteridospermeae is now known. 



As regards the Coniferae, two views are held. Those who 

 regard the group as monophyletic, trace them back also to the 

 Ferns, through the Cordaitales. Others derive some of them 

 from Lycopodiaceous ancestors, and hold that the Coniferae 

 as a whole were polyphyletic. 



Bibliography 



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Ford (S. O.), see Seward and Ford (1906). 



Gowan (J.), see Seward and Gowan (1900). 



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