378 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



To place these lads in rival institutions, to teach them that 

 they were classes apart and distinct from each other, would be 

 for each institution to abandon the proud title of " University"; 

 and to introduce an artificial cleavage into the unity of 

 knowledge. 



But if the title of" University" is to retain its full meaning, 

 it is necessary that full weight and adequate power should 

 be given to those who represent the practical rather than 

 the theoretical side of its work. Effete theories of education, 

 even so-called academic principles, must, if necessary, be laid 

 aside. The theorist and the practical man must confer together, 

 must sit side by side on the same Governing Body. The 

 education of the technical student must be such as the leaders 

 of his industry consider a good preparation for his after career; 

 together with such tests of general culture and a knowledge 

 of scientific method as the best of these leaders would be 

 the first to approve. The degree may, as is the case with 

 medical degrees, be a sign of more ability and knowledge 

 than the minimum that is necessary to secure entrance into a 

 profession ; but it must not only secure the sanction of the 

 leaders of that profession, but be recognised by the student 

 as something which it is not only honourable but useful to 

 attain. Then, and then only, will the graduate achieve in 

 industrial circles in this country the position which the " college 

 man " has long held in America. 



So far I have dealt exclusively with the education of the 

 mind ; but Adam Smith makes another exception to his general 

 rule of the non-interference of the State with regard to the 

 education of the body. After describing, in the passage I have 

 already quoted, the means by which the State might assist, 

 encourage, and even compel, the education of the poor, he 

 adds : 



" It was in this manner, by facilitating the acquisition of 

 their military and gymnastic exercises, by encouraging it, and 

 even by imposing upon the whole body of the people the 

 necessity of learning those exercises, that the Greek and Roman 

 Republics maintained the martial spirit of their respective 

 citizens. 



" That in the progress of improvement, the practice of military 

 exercises, unless government takes proper pains to support it, 

 goes gradually to decay, and, together with it, the martial spirit 



