6/2 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



both pairs, unlike the horns of Rhinoceros, being formed by 

 bony outgrowths of the skull, that were probably covered with 

 a horny sheath during life. The posterior surface of the skull 

 slopes forward, and is deeply hollowed for the attachment of 

 the powerful muscles necessary to support the heavy head. 

 The front of the snout is narrow and pointed, a circumstance 

 which, coupled with the character of the incisor teeth, makes 

 it at least probable that the animal did not graze, but 

 browsed on bushes and low herbage, most likely with the 

 assistance of a mobile upper lip, like the Black Rhinoceros 

 of to-day. The teeth were of very peculiar structure : the 

 dentition is complete, and forms on either side of the jaw a 

 closed series, the crowns of all the teeth wearing to a common 

 level, with the exception of the anterior upper incisors, which 

 form slight hook-like projections, and no doubt helped in 

 seizing the food. All the teeth are high-crowned, the molars 

 especially so, and it is further remarkable that the upper 

 molars differ entirely from the premolars in form. The type 

 of molar structure here found is quite unknown elsewhere, but 

 it may have been derived from the deepening of the crowns 

 of molars like those of Hyrax, though some writers are inclined 

 to regard it as a specialisation of the type found in Coryphodon 

 and other primitive Amblypoda. 



The limbs were short and massive, and the feet were much 

 like those of the Elephant, all five toes being retained. At the 

 same time this resemblance with the Elephant, in the hind feet 

 at least, is only superficial, the actual arrangement of the tarsal 

 bones being widely different. As remarked above, the affinities 

 of this remarkable creature are uncertain, and it was considered 

 necessary to establish a new subdivision of the Ungulata for 

 its reception, though at the same time relationships with the 

 Hyracoidea were pointed out. Winge, on the other hand, in 

 a recently published memoir on the Ungulata, boldly refers 

 it to the Hyracoidea. Probably its real position will remain 

 doubtful till some earlier and less specialised members of the 

 same stock have been discovered. 



Barytheriitm, from the Middle Eocene beds, is another large 

 and heavily built ungulate, of which unfortunately very little 

 is yet known. Only the upper and lower jaws, with the cheek 

 teeth, and a few limb bones, have yet been found. All are 

 characterised by their immensely massive construction. The 



