Fringilla. BIRDS. PASSERES. 85 



Linaria vulgaris, Will. Orn. ] 90.— Twite, Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 346.— 

 Frin. mon. Temm. Orn. i. 368 W, Llinos fynydd, — Common in Eng- 

 land, rare in Scotland. 

 Size of the preceding, or larger. Kill wax-yellow. Feet black. Irides 

 hazel. Throat, sides of the head and neck pale reddish-brown ; crown, nape, 

 and back black, with red margins. Rump pm-plish-red. Quills dusky, the 

 primaries margined with pale brown, the secondaries with white on their outer 

 webs. Tail brownish-black, margined with white. Female wants the red 

 rump, and the whole plumage has less black and more brown — Nest in heath, 

 of dry grass, lined with wool. Eggs 5, bluish-green, spotted with orange 

 brown — Gregarious in winter; Frequently taken by the London bird-cat- 

 chers, and called by them Twite. 



106. F, Linaria. Rose Linnet. — Bill acuminated, pointed. 

 Lesser and greater wing-covers tipped with white. 



Linaria rubra minor, Will. Orn. 1(11 — F. Lin., Linn. Syst. i. 322 Less 



Red-headed Linnet, Penn. Brit. Zool — F. Lin. ,Temm. Orn. i. 373 F, 



Stone Redpole ; S, Rose Lintie ; W, Llinos bengoch leif ; G, Gealan 

 Lin. — Not rare. 



Length 5, breadth 8^ inches. Irides hazel. Bill yellow ; tip and ridge 

 dusky. Front, lores, and chin black. The head, neck, breast, sides and rump 

 crimson. Back black, with brown edges. Belly white. Quills and tail dusky, 

 edged with yellowish-brown. Female, has the rump brown, with black stripes, 

 and the crimson only on the head. The sides of the throat, breast, and belly, 

 white. The sides with dusky stripes. — Nest in low trees, of moss, lined with 

 the down of plants. Eggs 5, bluish-green, spotted wtih orange-brown. Young, 

 like the female. — This species is a winter visitant of the south of England; 

 but, in the north, and in Scotland, it is chiefly stationary. 



107. F. spinas. Siskin. — Head, above, black. The neck, 

 breast, and rump lemon-yellow. 



Spinus, Will. Orn. 192.— F. sp., Linn. Syst. i. 322. Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 

 340. Temm. Orn. i. 371 — F, Aberdavine ; — Y Ddreiniog A win- 

 ter visitant. 



Size of the rose-linnet. Bill similar in shape, and having likewise the two 

 basal processes on the margin of the lower mandible. Legs brown. Feet 

 dusky. Back siskin-green ; dark in the middle of the feathers. Belly white. 

 Wing-covers black, tipped with yellowish-white. Quills black ; the outer 

 ones with a yellowish-green margin ; the inner ones with the outer web all 

 yellowish-white at the base, and edged with a paler border at the tip. Tail, 

 with the two middle feathers dusky, with pale margins ; the rest, with the ba- 

 sal half white ; the ends, and outer web of the exterior one dusky. The fe- 

 male wants the black mark on the head ; the yellow has a greenish tinge mixed 

 with grey; and the belly has dusky stripes — Nest in pine-trees. Eggs 5, 

 greyish-white, spotted with purple — This bird breeds in the north of Europe, 

 and visits Britain in rather an irregular manner. They may sometimes breed 

 here ; as, in 1824, I received from Mr Esplin, a male and female, shot from a 

 flock in the first week of April. 



108. F. cardudis. Gold-Finch. — Forehead, temples, and 

 throat, arterial blood-red. Base of the bill, lores, crown, and 

 nape, black. 



Carduelis, Will. Orn. 189. Sibb. Scot. 18.— F. car., Linn. Svst. Nat. i. 

 318. Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 332. Temm, Orn. i. 376— S, Goldspink ; 

 W, Gwas y sierri — Common. 



Length 54, breadth 94 inches ; weight half an ounce. Bill, in the form of 

 a lengthened cone ; yellowish- white, with a dusky tip. Irides brown. Le°-s 



