Emberiza. BIRDS. PASSERES. 77 



Length 7| inches ; weight 2 ounces. Bill and legs black. Head and neck 

 orange-red ; bill yellowish-orange ; back and rump with black feathers, ha- 

 ving a yellow margin. Two cross bars of white on the wings. Quills and 

 tail-feathers edged with orange. The female has the red more tinged with 

 brown, and the back and belly cinereous. Nest on trees._ Eggs 4, of a white 

 colour. Food the seeds of trees. Pennant noticed individuals of this species 

 in the pine forest of Invercauld, Aberdeenshire, in August, and conjectures 

 that they bred there. Mr Selby, in his " Illustrations," p. 257-, seems in- 

 clined to regard them as only occasional visitants. 



Gen. XXXIX. EMBERIZA. Bunting.— Bill short, co- 

 nical, the palate furnished with a bony knob. 



81. E. Citrinella. Yellow Bunting. — Head, neck, and 



breast gamboge yellow. 



E. flava, Will. Orn. 196 Citrinella Sibb* Scot. IS — E. Citrinella, Linn. 



Svst. i. 309 -B, Yellow Stammer, Yellow Yowly ; S, Yite, Yellow 



Yeldrock ; W, Llinos felen ; G, Buidheag bhealaidh — Common. 



Length C^, breadth 10 inches; weight 7 drams. Bill bluish; irides hazel ; 

 lews yellow. Back } r ellowish-brown, tinged with green. Quills black, edged 

 with yellow. Hump brownish-orange. Tail dusky, edged with greenish-yel- 

 low; the inner web of the two external feathers, on each side, with a large 

 spot of white. In the female the colours are paler, and the yellow inclines 

 more to brown. Pair in May. Nest on the ground among low grass, ot 

 dried stalks, lined with hair. Eggs 5, of a pale purplish white, with red 

 streaks. This species is familiar, and resides near the dwellings of men. In 

 geographical distribution it reaches not to Orkney. 



This species varies in the yellow of the head being replaced by olive-green, 

 in which state it is the E. chlorocephala of Gmelin (Turton's trans, i. 544.), 

 and has occurred in the neighbourhood of London. 



82. E. Cirlus. Cirl Bunting. — The throat and a band over 



the eye black. 



Linn. Syst. i. 311 — Cirl Bunting, Mont. Orn. Diet, and Lin. Trans, vii. 

 276. Temm. Orn. i. 313 — Breeds in Devonshire. 



Size like the last. Bill bluish ; irides hazel ; legs brown ; claws dusky. 

 A yellow band above and below the eye. Lower part of the neck yellow ; 

 breast olive-grey ; belly yellow ; back brown. Quills dusky, edged with green. 

 Tail, with the two middle tail-feathers chesnut, the rest black, except the two 

 exterior ones on each side, which have an oblique bar of white from the tip 

 half way ; and the outmost feather is white throughout the whole of the ex- 

 terior web. Female smaller, with the plumage spotted with dusky. Pair 

 in April. Nest in a low bush ; of dry stalks, lined with hair. Eggs 4 

 or 5, greyish-white, with irregular long and short curved dusky lines — This 

 species was first observed in Britain by Montagu, in 1800, in Devonshire, 

 where it breeds and is resident ; congregating in the winter with Yellow 

 Buntings and Chaffinches. A straggler of this species has been shot near 

 Edinburgh, as noticed by Mr Wilson in Wern. Mem. ii. G58. 



83. E. Miliaria. Common Bunting. — Plumage, above yel- 

 lowish-brown, inclining to oil-green, the centre of the feathers 

 dusky. 



E. alba, Will. Orn. 195. Sibb. Scot. 18. E. Mil. Linn. Svst. i. 308. 

 Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 324. Temm. Orn. i. 306 — E, Bunting-lark, Ebb. ; 

 S, Corn-bunting ; W, Bras-y-ddruttan, bras-yr-yd ; G, Gelag-bhua- 

 chair. — Common near corn-fields. 



