130 BIRDS. PALMIPIDES. Fhatercula. 



Length 3 feet. Bill, dorsally, 3, in front of the nostrils 2|, in the gape 4J, 

 depth 1 1 inches ; 7 ridges in the upper, and 1 1 in the lower mandible. Legs 

 black. Irides chesnut ; margin of the eye-lid black. Inside of the mouth 

 orange. Head, back, and neck black, the latter with a brownish tinge. Quills 

 dusky ; secondaries tipped with white. Breast and belly white. In winter, 

 the brownish-black of the throat and fore-neck is replaced by white, as I had 

 an opportunity of observing in a living bird, brought from St Kilda, in 1822. 

 — (See Edin. Phil. Jour., vol. x. p. 97:) This bird occasionally visits the Ork- 

 ney Islands, as witnessed by Mr Bullock (Mont. Orn. Diet. Supp.) I have 

 been informed by the same observer, that an individual was taken in a pond 

 of fresh water, two miles from the Thames, on the estate of Sir William Clay- 

 ton, in Buckinghamshire. When fed, in confinement, it holds up its head, 

 expressing its anxiety by shaking the head and neck, and uttering a gurgling 

 noise. It dives and swims under water, even with a long cord attached to its 

 foot, with incredible swiftness. 



204. A. Torcla. Razor-Bill. — Wings reaching to the rump. 



Bill black, with a white band. A narrow white stripe in front 



of the eye. 



Falk, Martin's St Kilda, 61,— A. Hoieri, Will. Orn. 242 — Sibb. Scot. 20. 



— A. Tord- Linn. Syst. i. 210 — Penn. Brit. Zool. ii. 509 Temm. Orn. 



ii. 936. — E, Auk, Murre ; S, Marrot ; W, Garfil, Gwalch y penwaig ; 

 N, Hioga Common on all parts of the coast. 



Length IS, breadth 27 inches ; weight 22 ounces. Bill 2 inches in the gape, 

 5 furrows in the upper, and 2 in the lower mandible ; the groove in front of 

 the basilar ridge of the upper mandible deep. Feet and claws black. Mouth 

 orange. Irides chesnut. Head, neck, and back black ; the throat and fore- 

 neck tinged with brown. Breast, belly, sides, and tips of the secondaries 

 white. Tail-feathers 14. In the winter, the throat, front, and sides of the 

 neck become white. Female similar — Breed gregariously on the shelves of 

 rocks impending the sea. Egg 1, white, tinged with green. Young, when 

 from the nest, differ from the old birds chiefly in the chin being freckled with 

 white ; the bill being nearly smooth, narrow, and destitute of the white band j 

 and the stripe of white before the eyes being distinct. After this bird assumes 

 the winter dress, and before the bill acquires the dimensions and markings of 

 maturity, it constitutes the Black-billed Auk (A. Pica, Linn. Syst. i. 210.) of 

 several British ornithologists. 



Gen. XCII. FRATERCULA. Coulterneb.— Base of 

 the bill, and part of the cheeks, covered with a coloured 

 skin. Nostrils situate on the smooth space, and immediate- 

 ly above the marginal, and in front of the basilar ridge. 



205. F. arctica. Common Coulterneb. — Cheeks, chin, breast, 

 and belly white ; the crown, neck^ and back black. 



Bouger, or Coulterneb, Martin's St Kilda, 62 — Anas arctica, Will. Orn. 



244 Sibb. Scot. 20 — Alca arct. Linn. Syst. i. 211. — Penn. Brit. Zool. 



ii. 512. — Mormon Fratercula, Temm. Orn. ii. 933. — E, Pope, Puffin, 

 Mullet, Sea-Parrot, Willock ; S, Tammie-Norrie ; W, Proffingen — 

 Regular summer visitant. 

 Length 12, breadth 21 inches; weight 12 ounces. Bill short, wide at the 

 base, compressed towards the point ; dorsal ridge thin and bent ; fore-half 

 yellowish-red, with two or three furrows ; basal half smooth and black ; basi- 

 lar ridge yellowish-white, punctured. Legs and margin of the eye-lid reddish- 





