Carcharias. FISHES. CHONDROPT. 167 



a little convex on the fore-edge, and subangularly concave on the hind-edge. 

 Tongue broad and short. Pectorals large ; ventrals elongated, the two sides 

 nearly parallel This species has long been confounded, by the northern na- 

 turalists, with the Carcharias vulgaris of lower latitudes, under the name Squa- 

 lus carcharias. Mr Scoresby, in his valuable work on the " Arctic Regions," 

 misled by having observed a parasitic entomoda attached to the eye, which he 

 regarded as an appendage in organical connection, concluded, under the in- 

 fluence of this mistake, that the Greenland shark had not been previously de- 

 scribed. Cuvier first instituted the genus for the reception of the Squalus 

 Americanus of Gmelin (Le Squale Liche of Lacepede, the S. Nicaeensis of Ris- 

 so), and the S. Carcharias of Gunner and Fabricius. The figure by Bloch, 

 differs from the Greenland shark, in the shape of the tail ; and from the true 

 carcharias still more, in the presence of the temporal orifices. It was proba- 

 bly intended to represent the former species. I am in possession of the jaws 

 of an individual of the Greenland shark, presented to me by the late Mr Sim- 

 monds, and which was caught, in his presence, in the Pentland Frith, in 1803. 

 Mr Edmonston witnessed one 13^ feet long, which was found dead at Eur- 

 ra Firth, Unst, in July 1824. 



Gen. X. CARCHARIAS. — Last of the branchial openings 

 above the pectorals. Snout depressed ; the nostrils in the 

 middle, below. 



12. C. vulgaris. — Teeth triangular, with straight crenulated 

 cutting edges. 



Canis Carcharias, Will. Ich. 47. Sibb, Fife, 118 White Shark, Perm. 



Brit. Zool. iii. 100. Risso, Ich. Nice, 25 — Rare in the British Seas. 

 Length about 30 feet. Brownish above, white below, with two rows of 

 black pores on the sides. Eyes round, white, with a black pupil. Pectorals 

 large, triangular. The first dorsal is rounded ; the second imbedded in a ca- 

 vity. Upper lobe of the tail-fin twice as long as the lower. — This species is 

 recorded by Willoughby, Sibbald, and Pennant, without details respecting the 

 season or place of appearance on our shores. Grew says, " They are found 

 sometimes upon our coast, near Cornwall." Rarities, p. 90. 



13. C. glaucus. — Dorsal and ventral ridge indented at the 

 setting on of the tail. 



Galeus glaucus, Will. Ich. 49 — Squalus fossula triangulari in extremo dor- 

 so, foraminibus nullis ad ocidos, Art. Ich. syn. 98. — S. glaucus, Linn. 

 Syst. i. 401. — Blue Shark, Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. 109. Watson, Phil. 

 Trans. 1778, p. 789, tab. xii. — Not uncommon. 



Length about feet. Back blue; belly white. Body lengthened ; snout 

 pointed. Teeth triangular, finely serrated. Pectorals pointed, Anal and 



second dorsal fins opposite. Upper lobe of the tail produced This species 



visits the coast of Cornwall during the pilchard season. 



14. C. Vidpes. Thresher. — Tail nearly equal in length to 

 the body. 



Vulpes marina, Will. Ich. 54. Sibb. Fife, 1 1 9 — Vulpecula, Borl. Corn. 

 205. — Long-tailed Shark, Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. 110 Found occasion- 

 ally on the coast. 



. Total length about 1 3, of the tail about G feet ; the upper lobe of the lat- 

 ter extending nearly in a straight line. Body round, short, skin grey on the 

 back, white on the belly, and smooth. Nose short, pointed. Eyes large, over 

 the corners of the mouth. Teeth triangular. Borlase says, " This shark 



