Leuciscus. FISHES. MALACOPTERYGIOUS. 187 



Gen. XXXII. ABRAMIS. Bream.— Anal fin long ; the 

 dorsal fin short, and behind the ventrals. 



62. A. Brama. Common Bream. — Lateral line placed low, 

 and waved irregularly. 



Cyprinus latus (Abramus) Merr. Pin. 190. Will. Ich. 248.— Cyprinus 

 Brama, Linn. Syst. i. 531. Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. 362. Don, Brit. 



Fishes, tab. xciii In lakes or deep rivers ; England and Scotland. 



Weight 4 or 5 pounds. Body deep, compressed*; the head small, and the 

 back elevated and sharp. Back bluish black ; the sides and belly white ; the 

 latter sometimes yellow or red. Scales large. Mouth remarkably smalL 

 D. 11, (the second ray the longest), p. 19, v. 9, a. 27- (crescent-shaped). 

 Spawn in May. Willoughby adds, " Hepar habet longum inter ventriculum 

 et intestinum, in ipsa flexura eodem modo depositum quo pancreas in avibus. 

 Cystis fellea in hepatis parenchymate pene latitat. Lien ei angulosus ; ap- 

 pendices nullae ; intestina semel reflexa. Vesica pneumatica transversim in 

 duos lobos divisa." According to the Reverend Iievett Sheppard, " There 

 exist in the river Trent, in the neighbourhood of Newark, two species or va- 

 rieties of bream. The common one Cyprinus Brama is known there by the 

 name of Carp Bream, from its yellow colour, and has been taken of nearly 8 

 pounds weight. The other species or variety, which 1 believe to be a non- 

 descript, never exceeds a pound in weight. 1 1 is of a silvery hue, and goes by 

 the name of White Bream." — Linn. Trans, xiv. p. 587- According to Pennant, 

 the bream occurs in Lochmaben— Li</A(/bo<'s Flora Scotica, i. 63. 



Gen. XXXIII. LEUCISCUS.— Dorsal and anal fins short. 



* Ventral and anal fins reddish. 



63. L. vulgaris. Dace. — Body oblong ; slightly compressed. 

 Head small. Irides pale yellow. 



Leuciscus, Merr. Pin. 189. Will. Orn. 260 — Cyprinus Leuciscus, Linn. 

 Syst. i. 528. Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. 366. Don, Brit. Fishes, tab. 

 lxxvii. — E, Dar, Dart — In rivers in England. 

 Length about 10 inches. Back dusky green ; sides and belly silvery. Dor- 

 sal fin dusky ; the ventral, anal, and caudal fins red. D. 10, p. 15, v. 9, a. 9. 

 Tail much 'forked. Spawns in February. Lurks near the roots of trees ; 

 . frolicksome. Flesh insipid. The Graining of Pennant, Brit. Zool. iii. 367 ; 

 (the Cyprinus Lancastriensis of Shaw, Gen. Zool. v. 234), is usually consi- 

 dered as a variety of the dace. It is thus described : " The graining is found 

 in the Mersey, near Warrington ; has much the resemblance of a dace, but is 

 more slender^ and the back straiter. The usual length about 74 inches. The 

 depth to the length of this is as one to five ; of the dace as one to four. The 

 colour of the back is silvery, with a bluish cast. The eyes, ventral, and anal 

 fins are red, but paler than those of the dace. The pectoral fin redder." 



64. L. cephalus. Chub. — Body and head thick ; snout round- 

 ed. Scales large, angular. 



Capito sive cephalus, a Chub or Chevin, Will Ich. 255 — -Gyprinus ob- 

 longus macrolepidotus : pinna ani ossiculorum undecim, Art. Ich. 



gen. v. syn. 7 Cyprinus Cephalus, Linn. Syst. i. 527- Penn. Brit. 



Zool. iii. 368 Cyprinus Jeses, Don. Brit. Fishes, t. cxv.— In rivers 



in England and Scotland. 



