SMOKE ABATEMENT 



337 



fire and chimney have helped to contribute to the smoke problem 

 in each locality. 



As the observations with the standard gauge were only 

 commenced in March, no figures covering twelve months are 

 yet available, but tests made three years ago by somewhat 

 similar methods of observation in London, Glasgow, and Leeds 

 have yielded astonishing figures for the annual soot and dust 

 fall, and have proved the importance of obtaining more accurate 

 and comparative data on the subject. 



London. — For the Lancet observations, carried out in London 

 in 1910-11, at three stations in the London area, the following 

 constituents were determined : total solids, insoluble deposit, 

 soluble deposit, soluble volatile solids, soluble fixed solids, 

 sulphates, ammonia, chlorides. 



The total fall of solid matter in the twelve months ranged 

 from 195 tons per square mile at Sutton to 650 tons in the East 

 End of London, and if worked out on the basis of an average of 

 441 tons for the whole of the Metropolitan area (of 117 square 

 miles), it represents an annual soot and dust fall of 51,597 tons 

 over the Administrative County of London. 



Leeds. — Prof. Cohen's observations at Leeds, as reported in 

 the proceedings of the Smoke Abatement Conference, held at 

 Manchester in November 191 1, gave the following figures : 



Table I. The Character and Amount of Air-Pollution 

 in Leeds and Suburbs. (Cohen.) 



{Tons per square mile per annum.) 



