REVIEWS 565 



yet suppose he is wrong ! Then he will lose even more prestige than he does by 

 criticising vaunted cancer-cures. The public always finds out the real value of 

 the latter; why not leave it to them? Dr. Bashford may find out that he has 

 done a serious thing when he set his pseudo-official cachet against a Commission 

 on cancer or against general notification of it. On the other hand, it must be 

 remembered that, under the deplorable way in which medical research is forced to 

 be carried out in this country, publications of an interesting if not a startling 

 character have to be made periodically, or the public will get tired of subscribing 

 to the funds. Dr. Bashford is in a difficult position, it must be admitted : he is on 

 a pedestal which is none of his making ; being saddled with an Imperial title 

 requires the greatest diplomacy — a word abhorred in science ; and therefore it 

 would appear that a guarded constructive policy for him would be preferable to a 

 destructive one. Proved basic facts alone count in the cancer problem ; it matters 

 not who discovers them, whether they be eminent German professors or quacks ; 

 and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, by virtue of its position, should be 

 open equally to both. 



H. C. ROSS. 



The Brain in Health and Disease. By Joseph Shaw Bolton, M.D., D.Sc, 

 F.R.C.P., Professor of Mental Diseases, University of Leeds ; Medical 

 Director West Riding Asylum, Wakefield. [Pp. xiv + 479, with illustra- 

 tions.] (London: Edward Arnold, 1914. Price18j.net.) 



The author of this work, for the last twenty years, has devoted a great amount of 

 time to researches upon the anatomy and histology of the human cerebral 

 cortex in health and disease and correlated the same with his clinical experience 

 as an asylum medical officer and superintendent. 



The present volume is in great part a collection of previously published 

 papers and monographs ; and although many of the deductions and generalisations 

 arrived at by the author may not be acceptable to most psychiatrists, nor the 

 psychology to most psychologists, yet no one who is acquainted with the subject 

 can fail to appreciate and highly appraise the value of the vast amount of careful 

 histological researches, admirably illustrated by photo-micrographs, that this work 

 contains. 



Dr. Shaw Bolton, while assistant pathologist to the London County Council 

 Asylums, Claybury, published a valuable paper in the Philosophical Transactions 

 of the Royal Society ; in this monograph he carefully mapped out the visuo-sensory 

 cortex (primary visual) and the visuo-psychic (lower associational) areas of the 

 cortex cerebri. Bevan Lewis had long previously mapped out the motor area of 

 the cortex by the distribution of the Betz cells and had shown that it was limited 

 to the ascending frontal convolution ; but it was not until twenty-five years later 

 when the experiments of Sherrington and Griinbaum demonstrated the fact that 

 the ascending parietal convolution in anthropoid apes did not respond to stimu- 

 lation, that the correctness of the localisation of the motor cortex by the histological 

 method employed by Bevan Lewis began to be accepted. This view was firmly 

 and finally settled by Campbell, who by careful histological investigation of the 

 cell and fibre architecture of the cortex in man, anthropoid apes, and other animals 

 mapped out definite homologous histological areas. This method was simul- 

 taneously carried out by Brodmann, who, more than any other investigator, has 

 successfully studied histological localisation in the brains of man and the various 

 orders of Mammalia. 



Dr. Bolton deserves immense credit for his pioneer researches on the visual 



