THE WHITE RAT AND THE MAZE PROBLEM 11 



black- white maze was so slight that it may be neglected. This 

 is due, doubtless, to the fact that the two problems were so 

 dissimilar and that the time on the box was so brief. On the 

 contrary, there was decided evidence of the effect of training 

 in animals which went from the black-white maze to the box 

 but that will be mentioned in another connection. The results 

 also, when the true path was white and when it was black, 

 agreed entirely in the essential details and hence they may be 

 massed. The minor differences will be used only by way of 

 explanation or illustration. 



SPEED 



Speed is time as measured by the distance traversed. In 

 this case it is impossible to state the total distance since the 

 returns, in the part of the maze which was covered cannot be 

 counted. However, some evidence can be offered. One of the 

 first lines of proof is the observed conduct of the animals. 



The behavior in the black-white maze was very unlike that 

 in the normal maze. In the beginning trials there was less 

 activity, more sluggishness of movement, fewer errors, yet slow 

 runs. Time and again I find in my notes such expressions as: 

 " Slow start." "A very slow walk around although without 

 error." " Very little rapid running." " Slow movement com- 

 pared with normal maze." " No running and little sniffing at 

 food-box or anywhere else." " Little running but much actual 

 sitting still." " Few errors but little running." " Do not seem 

 at all frightened or curious." " Do not apparently use covered 

 ways as places of refuge." " Errors do not seem attractive and 

 there is no blind running which would make the animals blunder 

 into errors." There was more hesitation seen in these rats. 

 Even long after the problem was learned they slowed up or 

 wavered in their running when they came to a cul de sac. Some 

 typical records, where every move which could be seen was 

 entered with the time which it took, may serve to indicate the 

 lesser activity better than a general description. 



First Two Records of Rat "1" 



May 10th and 11th: 

 1st trial: 

 To first corner and back — 10 sec. 

 About entrance 55 sec. 

 To first corner 10 sec. 

 Here 2 min. 30 sec. 

 Home — remains 9 min. 30 sec. 

 First corner 15 sec. 



