A STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE CROW 111 



To complete our comments on the behavior of number 3, 

 we may say that beginning with trial four hundred and sixty- 

 one, the period of punishment was increased from thirty seconds 

 to sixty seconds, since it seemed possible that the crow might im- 

 prove under this condition. But the punishment was over-severe, 

 and after only a few trials, number 3, as also number 4, began to 

 work very badly indeed, It would move about constantly and 

 excitedly while confined in a compartment, and when the door 

 was opened would rush out and immediately enter another 

 compartment without pause. This random and excited choosing 

 naturally yielded few successes, and by the time forty trials 

 had been given, number 3 was very hesitant about entering any 

 of the compartments and had returned to an earlier habit of 

 wandering about the reaction chamber. When the time of 

 punishment was reduced to fifteen seconds, he very quickly 

 resumed his former method of reacting, and worked quite as 

 assiduously as ever, and with as small a measure of success. 



ANALYSIS OF THE REACTIONS OF CROW NUMBER 4,9 



The behavior of number 4 in problem 2 differs in some respects 

 from that of number 3 and is worthy of brief description. The 

 first fifty trials served to break up the habit of choosing the 

 first compartment at the right. Thereupon, her attention 

 shifted to the opposite end of the series. But this was not so 

 definite as in the case of number 3. Number 4 often went to the 

 first compartment at the left and then to the one next to it, 

 thus requiring but two choices in order to get the right com- 

 partment. This tendency became fixed only after two hundred 

 and fifty trials, and even then it was not so definite as for 

 number 3. 



It is indicative of the temperamental differences in the two 

 subjects that number 4 should have required assistance in almost 

 twice as many of the first two hundred trials as did number 3. 

 Significant also is the fact that until very late in her training 

 she was not nearly as systematic in her choices as was he. She 

 tended rather more frequently to the compartments near the 

 middle instead of those at the ends, and chose in no definite 

 or predictable way. This . naturally resulted in a much larger 

 number of choices before the right compartment was reached, 

 than in the case of number 3. Discouragement was proportional 



