252 CHARLES W. HARGITT 



to alarm. Shall one use the term alarm in referring to such 

 behavior ? If the organism is pure mechanism the use of such 

 terms is of course inadmissible. But if we are dealing with 

 an organism in the true sense, then no other term is more per- 

 tinent and significant. That this is the real state of the case 

 one is forced to believe in that the same specimen will exhibit 

 the same differences of behavior at different times, acquiring 

 keener sense of alarm from experience. Again, the behavior 

 varies on different days. On some days they seem to seek the 

 ground predominantly, while on others they " come to earth ' 

 seldom and for brief periods. This was noted so often as to 

 leave no doubt as to the fact. That it may not be due to differ- 

 ence of light intensity is evident in that the same differences 

 will be observable in different specimens at the same time and 

 therefore under identical light intensity. For example, it was 

 found to be true in the behavior shown at ten o'clock and that 

 at two o'clock the same day, and under indistinguishable con- 

 ditions of light, though appreciable differences of temperature 

 were evident, and it is not impossible that this may be a factor 

 in the matter. Exactly these facts were illustrated by my next 

 field trip four days later, on March 29th. In the forenoon 

 specimens were extremely wary and difficult of approach, and 

 the behavior was erratic and uncertain. During the afternoon 

 of the same day, accompanied by an assistant, it was like en- 

 countering a different species. Specimens were " tame," obser- 

 vation was easy, and any number of tests could be made with 

 precision. 



My next observations were made just a month later, with 

 a clear, warm day. At least seventy-five observations were 

 made during the afternoon, including numerous shadow tests. 

 While in the majority of cases there was a more or less evident 

 orienting response, as before a considerable number varied 

 greatly as to the precision of reaction. It was not unusual to 

 have a specimen alight at an angle of 90 degrees from the parallel 

 of the rays of the sun, and occasionally a specimen would come 

 to rest directly facing the sun and remain thus. A single speci- 

 men was found which proved very approachable and responded 

 very readily to tests, and on it were made about forty direct 

 tests, of which thirty showed orienting reactions more or less 

 precise. The other ten reactions showed considerable more 



