A STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE PIG 187 



the termination of a series of observations. It is essential, 

 therefore, that the experimenter fix his attention rather on the 

 immediate response of his subject than on the attainment of the 

 solution of problems. We especially call attention to this matter 

 because many experimenters seem to feel dissatisfied with other 

 than speedy and completely positive results. It seems fair to 

 insist that by the multiple choice method positive results are 

 obtained even if a subject cannot solve any of the problems 

 which are presented to it. 



Since it is our intention to more fully discuss the essential 

 features and the technique of the multiple choice method else- 

 where, we shall here content ourselves with these brief intro- 

 ductory statements and references. It should perhaps be added 

 that only by reading the earlier article on the behavior of the 

 crow can the reader hope to fully understand the present report. 



SUBJECTS 



The subjects of the experiments which constitute the obser- 

 vational basis for this paper were two Chester white pigs. They 

 were born April 1st, 1914, and they were therefore two months 

 old when, on June 2nd, they were taken to the Field Station 

 from an adjoining farm and placed in the experimental situa- 

 tion. We shall refer to these individuals as the male and the 

 female, since both sexes were represented. The male, however, 

 had been castrated before we obtained the animals. 



From the first, individual differences were conspicuous. The 

 male was considerably smaller and less active and energetic 

 than the female; he ate less and showed less initiative. Through- 

 out the period of observation, both animals were in perfect 

 health and at no time was there reason to suppose that either 

 environmental or physiological conditions were unfavorable to 

 our experiments. 



From birth these pigs lived practically out of doors, having 

 a yard to run in and a rather open shelter from storm. 



Although the experimenters had expected much of the pigs 

 because of the indications from casual observation of their 

 behavior, it may be said at once that they proved far more 

 satisfactory subjects than we had dared to hope. Indeed, they 

 worked so steadily and uniformly through the investigation that 

 there was practically no loss of time. It is chiefly because of 



