394 W. T. SHEPHERD 



a principal factor in such feats as driving a nail, tying a handker- 

 chief in a knot and untying it, etc., Dogs and other animals, 

 if they had the intelligence, lack the requisite motor-apparatus 

 to do such acts. 



Another principal factor in all these acts was, doubtless, 

 training. We know that horses, dogs, and even pigs may be 

 trained to do many feats. 



In the writing by the ape, his man-like hands together with 

 training, probably accounts for it, though imitation is possibly 

 a factor here. What accounts for his seeming eagerness to mark 

 on the paper might, however, be an interesting question. It 

 might be interesting also to test how far the ape might be taught 

 to carry his writing. 



Peter's articulation of the word " mama " was very possibly 

 quite mechanical and parrot-like, perhaps not understood by 

 himself. However, it would be interesting to test how far such 

 speaking by apes might be carried. 



Peter's correct attempt to open the watch looks like intelligent 

 imitation. However, though the keeper assured me that the ape 

 had had no training in that act, we might doubt the statement. 

 Then, perhaps, we could account for the reaction by the ape's 

 hands, his training and the well known curiosity of all monkeys. 

 If the veracity of the keeper can be relied upon, we have here, 

 as it appears to the writer, a case of intelligent imitation. 



In the matter of the ape increasing speed to ride up the in- 

 clined plane, if training does not account for it, we appear to 

 see evidence of something very like ideation or reasoning of a 

 low order. If in this instance ideas are present, they are per- 

 haps what Hobhouse has named 'practical ideas," i.e., crude 

 and unanalyzed ideas. The writer is inclined to believe that 

 the latter together with motor-equipment and training are the 

 factors involved. 



OBSERVATION OF CONSUL ON THE STAGE 



Consul did most of the feats which Peter had done, such as 

 putting on a napkin and eating at a table, getting upon a bicycle 

 and riding around the stage, riding between nine bottles, riding 

 up an inclined plane. Consul did these acts in a similar manner. 



The latter ape also performed some other feats: He poured 

 out his coffee, picked his teeth, cleaned his teeth with a brush, 



