THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE CHIMPANZEE 395 



cleaned his tooth-brush. He rode a wheel with a lamp on his 

 head, held by himself while riding; he bored with an augur, 

 put the rounds in and fitted together a ladder, with some help. 

 He took a tablet and pencil and wrote, or the keeper said he 

 wrote; I do not know what he wrote. He took down the re- 

 ceiver of a telephone and listened, or appeared to listen. The 

 ape used a typewriter, that is, he pressed on the keys, so far 

 as the writer could judge, and can remember, perhaps without 

 knowing what he wrote. 



Consul threaded a needle, cut paper into strips with scissors. 

 He took a key and locked and unlocked a padlock, and did other 

 acts requiring similar intelligence. 



These acts by Consul, like similar acts by Peter, are perhaps 

 accounted for principally by the animals' motor-equipment, 

 erect carriage, and training. Some of them, such as riding up 

 the inclined plane and increasing his speed to go up, again raise 

 the question of ideation or a lower form of reasoning in the 

 animals' mental make-up. 



IN PRIVATE EXAMINATION 



The writer did not note in Consul the good nature and sym- 

 pathy shown by Peter. The former ape showed the brute in 

 him by a certain roughness of manner and by not obeying his 

 keeper very readily, etc. 



In this connection we might mention that Peter showed evi- 

 dences of affection for his keeper by such acts as putting his 

 arm around the latter in a very human-like manner and kissing 

 him. When I questioned Peter's keeper as to sympathy, etc., 

 in apes, to let me see for myself, the keeper, in the ape's sight, 

 pretended to have hurt his hand, whereupon Peter went to him, 

 put his arm around McArdle, and by his acts gave very evident 

 signs of ape sympathy. Peter acted in a similar manner when 

 I also pretended to have hurt my hand. 



From the actions which have been enumerated of these two 

 chimpanzees, we may, as the writer believes, venture to con- 

 clude that: 



1. The apparently superior intelligence of the chimpanzee is 

 accounted for principally by; 



(a) Superior motor-equipment. 



(b) Training. 



