396 W. T. SHEPHERD 



(c) Their semi-erect and biped position. 1 



2. There are some indications of ideas of a crude and un- 

 analyzed character or of a lower form of reasoning in their men- 

 tal equipment. 



3. That whatever are the factors involved in their reactions, 

 apes such as the chimpanzee are the most intelligent sub-humans 

 of which we have knowledge. As anatomically they are superior 

 to the lower orders of animals, by the criterion of structure as 

 indication of intelligence, they should be more intelligent than 

 their humbler congeners. 



We must, as already stated, admit that more extensive obser- 

 vations should have been made on the individuals we have 

 considered. More individuals should also be observed and 

 experimented upon before drawing final conclusions on some of 

 the points at least involved. 



However, the present writer cannot but believe that these' 

 and similar apes are the most intelligent of the sub-humans. 

 We feel that anyone who has observed their actions, who bears 

 in mind their anatomical superiority — their physical structure 

 as compared to that of any lower forms on the one hand and 

 to that of man on the other — who has noted their semi-human 

 looks and actions in general, cannot but agree with this latter 

 conclusion. 



'Note. — As a corollary from (a) and (c) doubtless, the superior intelligence of 

 other lower species of monkeys is accounted for in part by their motor-equipment. 



