* 



422 C. H. TURNER 



and of the olfactory organs of insects. He experimented with 

 honey bees, hornets, ants and spiders. The following odors 

 were used: oil of peppermint, oil of thyme, oil of wintergreen, 

 bee food, pollen from old combs, parts of plants, flowers of the 

 honeysuckle, leaves and stems of pennyroyal, spearmint, scarlet 

 sage and bee stings. The odoriferous substances were isolated 

 in stoppered vials. These vials were opened near, and usually 

 below, the insects. Under normal conditions all of these crea- 

 tures responded to the odors; usually by moving away from them. 

 Evidently all of these forms can smell. 



Mclndoo thinks he has settled the debated question as to the 

 location of the olfactory organs of insects. The belief that the 

 antennae are the olfactory organs of insects is so widely spread 

 that few except specialists know that the location of these 

 organs is a debatable question. The following epitome of Mc- 

 lndoo 's extensive bibliography will give an idea of the diversity 

 of opinion on this subject. The seat of the olfactory organ is 

 supposed to be in the spiracles by Sulzer (1761), Dumeril (1797), 

 DuBois (1890), Hermbstadt (1811), Baster (1798), Lehmann 

 (1799), Cuvier (1805), Straus-Durckheim (1828), Lacordaire 

 (1838), Brulle (1840); located near the spiracles by Joseph 

 (1877) ; in the glands of the head and body by Ramdohr (1811) ; 

 in the oesophagus by Treviranus (1816); in the folded skin of 

 the forehead by Rosenthal (1811); in the rhinarium by Kirby 

 and Spence (1826) ; near the eye by Paasch (1873) ; in the mouth 

 cavity by Huber (1814); in the epipharynx by Wolff (1875); in 

 the palpi by Lyonnet (1745), Bonnsdorf (1792), Knoch (1798), 

 Marcel de Serres (1811), Newport (1838), Driesch (1839), 

 Perris (1850), Cornalia (1856), Weismann (18g9); in antennae 

 (belief based on structure) by Reaumur (1734), Lesser (1745), 

 Sulzer (1776), Fabricius (1778), Bonnet (1781), Olivier (1789), 

 Latreille (1804), Samonelle (1819), De Blainville (1822), Robi- 

 neau Desvoidy (1828), Carus (1838), Percheron (1841), Goureau 

 (1841), Pierret (1841), Robineau-Desvois (1842), Slater (1848), 

 Dufour (1850), Claparede (1858), Donhoff (1816) Noll (1869), 

 Wonfor (1879), Henneguy (1904); in antennae (belief founded 

 on experiments) by Duges (1838), Lefebvre (1838), Kuster (1844), 

 Perris (1850), Cornalia (1856), Gardnier (1860) Balbini (1866), 

 Forel (1874, 1885, 1908), Trouvelot (1877), Layard (1878), 

 Slater (1878), Chatin (1880), Lubbock (1882), Plateau (1886), 



