424 C. H. TURNER 



that the organs called olfactory pores by the author are the 



true olfactory apparatus in the Hymenoptera and possibly in 



all insects and that the antennae play no part in receiving the 



stimuli." 



VISUAL SENSATIONS 



See Severin and Severin under chemotropisrn. 



Beutel-Reepen (6) thinks colors and odors attract bees to 

 flowers. 



Lovell (53) cites several examples of black animals and of 

 people clothed in black being attacked by bees; while w T hite 

 animals, in the same situations, were unharmed, thus supporting 

 the apiarists' belief that a beekeeper receives more stings when 

 clothed in black than when dressed in white. In one experi- 

 ment he wore a black veil and a white suit, with a black band 

 on one of the sleeves. When the bees were disturbed they 

 attacked the black veil and the black band, but not the white 

 clothing. He repeated the experiment using a white veil and a 

 black suit, with a white band on one sleeve. This time the 

 bees attacked the black suit, but neither the veil nor the white 

 band. 



In another contribution (51), he makes the following objections 

 to Plateau's statement that the odor of nectar is necessary to 

 attract bees to flowers: — (1) " The cornflower and several gen- 

 tians have odorless, conspicuous, nectiferous blossoms, which 

 are visited by numerous insects. (2) The nectarless and odor- 

 less wind-pollinated flowers of the elm are visited by countless 

 numbers of pollen-seeking honey bees. (3) The highly scented 

 and conspicuous flowers of the sweet-pea and of certain varieties 

 of Pelargonium are not visited by insects. Plateau claims that 

 the odorless, but conspicuous, blossoms of the following plants 

 are not visited by bees : Clematis Jackmanni, Pelargonium zonale, 

 Willd., Lilium candidum L., Pisum sativum, Passiflora adeno- 

 phylla Mostera, Oenothera speciosa Nuttall, Linum candidum. 

 Discovering that the placing of the oil of anisette on these 

 flowers would cause insects to visit them induced Plateau to 

 conclude that it was the odor that attracted them. Lovell 

 found that the placing of odorless sugar water on these flowers 

 causes them to be visited by insects. According to Lovell, a 

 certain man had two apiaries situated two miles apart. In the 

 fields of one frequent rains had produced an abundance of clover 



