BEHAVIOR OF SPIDERS AND OTHER INSECTS 433 



in the cytoplasm of the cell due to the feeding on innutritive 

 food. 3. That the loss of water which is general in hibernation 

 probably results in a discharge of insoluble alveolar cytoplasmic 

 structures which have accumulated and produced premature 

 senility with an accompanying lowering of the rate of metabolic 

 processes. 4. That starvation during hibernation together with 

 this loss of water may result in rejuvenation, when aided by 

 histolysis, and in increased permeability. 5. That this re- 

 juvenated condition and increased permeability, will, if stim- 

 ulated to activity by heat, permit pupation in codling moth 

 larvae, which in this case is the termination of the hibernating 



condition." 



LOCOMOTION 



Branch (10) relates that Entyla sinuata, a Membracid studied 

 by him, exhibits no jumping activities in its nymphal stages. 



The Severins and Hartung (79) tell us that the nearly full- 

 grown larvae of the melon fly (Dacus curcubitae Coq.) exhibit 

 a jumping activity which is never seen in the younger stages. 

 The insect curls its body into a circle with its jaws attached 

 to the tip of its abdomen. Then, by suddenly relaxing, it 

 springs six or eight inches into the air. 



Becker (5) describes a rather interesting migratory procession 

 of the larvae of the fungus gnat (Sciara congregata Johannsen). 

 Such a procession was observed June 6, 1912 and again July 

 16, 1913. At first glance it resembled a dead snake. The 

 procession observed in 1912 was five feet long and tapered 

 toward each end from the middle, which was three inches wide. 

 There were several layers of larvae, tapering from eight deep 

 in the middle to each extremity. The whole procession was 

 moving forward; but the maggots on top moved much faster 

 than those on the bottom, hence the insects of the upper layers 

 were constantly advancing beyond the front, to be immediately 

 covered by others coming from the rear. In its wake the pro- 

 cession left a trail resembling that of a snake. The procession 

 of 1913 was only three feet long. 



ECOLOGY 



By exposing laboratory animals to controlled stimuli similar 

 to those of their natural habitats, Shelf ord (81) has been able 

 to analyze the behavior of animals forming communities and 



