THE CAMERA 



103 



his exposure will be prolonged and he 

 cannot hold the camera still. At the 

 same distance from the house, the per- 

 spective effects will be the same but the 

 6 inch image will be but three quarters 

 the size of the 8 inch image. But the 

 6 inch image can be enlarged success- 

 fully and if enlarged to the same size 

 as the 8 inch image is enlarged to, it will 

 be equally as good in sharpness but 

 will have more planes in focus. 



The Tessar Ic is the lens for speed 

 and can properly be fitted to the re- 

 flecting type of camera, like the Gra- 

 flex, with focal plane shutters. Having 

 a limited depth at large openings, the 

 focusing device must be delicate and 

 the camera ground glass and the plate 

 or film in absolute register. The fast 

 lenses of the past have been specialized 

 lenses and have suffered in comparison 

 with slower anastigmats, when stopped 

 down to the smaller apertures. The Ic 

 Tessar was designed to overcome such 

 defects and is also corrected for color. 

 It makes an admirable lens for the 

 Lumiere Autochrome process of Color 

 Photography and serves to reduce the 

 exposure for reds and yellows. The Ic 

 Tessar also fills the need for a fast 

 lens for home portraiture where speed 

 is of the utmost importance. 



For hand cameras with scales for 

 judging distance, and the plate camera 

 with metal between-lens shutters and 

 focusing screens, the lib Tessar is a 

 desirable choice. This is also the lens 

 par-excellence for copying and enlarg- 

 ing. The IlbTessar can be employed 

 as a wide angle lens by stopping down 

 and using it on a larger plate. It is 

 not mechanically possible to fit a faster 

 lens than the lib Tessar to the Kodak 

 Models nor is it desirable in view of 

 the limited depth of very fast lenses 

 with the difficulty of judging distances. 



Those who have much work to do of 

 a landscape character will appreciate 

 the Vila Protar. This lens is made up 

 of single lenses, which in turn are made 

 up of four cemented lenses. As a 

 doublet the Protar will equal the Tes- 

 sar in speed. They are somewhat 

 bulky and unless convertibilitv is de- 

 sired, the lib Tessar is a better selec- 

 tion. 



The Protar Vila should never be se- 

 lected unless bellows length is avail- 

 able for use of the single combinations. 

 In the hands of the discriminating man, 

 the Vila Protar has advantages which 

 are inestimable. Suppose you wish to 

 make a view from an outlook and find 

 the image scale too small. You use 

 the single lens and perhaps are forced 

 to use the other single lens to bring 

 the image size correct. Without aid 

 of the convertible Protar this could 

 not be accomplished at all, unless one 

 had an aeroplane to hold the camera 

 suspended in space at a nearer dis- 

 tance. 



A word about the wide angle lens 

 may not be amiss. Two series are 

 made, the Bausch & Lomb-Zeiss Series 

 IV and V, the latter having the wider 

 angle and for a number of years re- 

 garded as the standard wide angle lens 

 of the world. No lens is wide in angle 

 if used on smaller plates than what it 

 is listed for. The so-called "distortion 

 of wide angle lenses" is not distortion 

 at all, but merely exaggerated perspec- 

 tive produced by including" in the pho- 

 tograph so great a mass of detail that 

 the eye is not accustomed to see with- 

 out moving the head from side to side. 



We should not use a wide angle lens 

 unless forced to do so on account of the 

 bad perspective which results. But in 

 practice, we have to take things as we 

 find them, for if we insist upon using 

 a long focus lens in order that our per- 

 spective should be correct, we should 

 have to knock out the wall of the room 

 perhaps to get back far enough to se- 

 cure the proper angle, or move a house 

 which is in our way on the side of the 

 street when we are working in con- 

 stricted situations. 



Where the angle is not excessively 

 great, the photographer can impress 

 his Tessar lib into action as a wide 

 angle lens. By using the Tessar on a 

 larger plate than that for which it is 

 listed, we will find it will cover with 

 good definition the outer edges of the 

 plate, by stopping down somewhat. 

 With the Tessar, we have the means 

 of focusing at F 6.3, instead of F 18 or 

 F 12.5, a great advantage in dark in- 



