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SCIENCE PROGRESS 



TABLE NO. 7 



Inconspicuous. 



Brown 



Black 



White 



Yellow and 

 orange . 



Blue and 

 violet 



Red . 



small and moderate areas : central 

 large areas with a marginal pat- 

 terns. 



small area in combination with 

 small areas of white, yellow, 

 orange, and brown. 



small areas, especially when com- 

 bined with black or dark brown. 



small (and probably moderate) 

 areas, large central areas with 

 a marginal pattern. 



small areas, especially when asso- 

 ciated with small areas of yel- 

 low and orange. 



probably small areas when associ- 

 ated with green. 



Conspicuous. 



Large areas without a marginal 

 pattern or outlined with a black 

 band. 



large and moderate areas ; and 

 small areas forming a marginal 

 band- 

 large and moderate areas, especi- 

 ally when outlined with a black 

 band. 



large areas, especially when out- 

 lined with a black band. 



large, moderate, and small areas. 



small, moderate, and large areas. 



By applying the above table to sexual differences, it will be 

 possible to decide whether males are more conspicuous than 

 females, or whether some other factor governs the sexual 

 difference. In the Euploeinae and Papilionidae few sexual 

 differences in colour occur, but in the Satyrinse, Pierinae and 

 Nymphalinae 144 species present this dimorphism (see diagrams 

 Nos. 8, 9, 10 and 11). 



The diagrams show the occurrences of colour in those species 

 which present sexual dimorphism. Diagram No. 8 is the 

 combination of diagrams Nos. 9, 10 and 11. The lettering 

 is as in former diagrams. 



If now table No. 7 be applied to this material, the following 

 distributions result (see table No. 8), which show that with three 

 exceptions sexual dimorphism in colour can be entirely defined 

 as a difference in conspicuousness and that it does not appear 

 to be necessary to seek any other factor. The exceptions 

 alluded to occur in the distribution of small and moderate 

 areas of orange and moderate areas of white (see stars in table 



