434 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



('oo), and Gardiner ('o6). The same is true of various articles 

 on reefs by Studer of the Gazelle ('77), and of the zoological 

 report of that vessel's exploration ('89) ; also of the descriptions 

 of Rodriguez by Balfour and Maskelyne ('79) ; of observations 

 by H. O. Forbes on the East Indian archipelago ('79), and of 

 his discussion of the Great Barrier reef of Australia ('93); of 

 articles by Lehnert on Borneo ('82), and by Hoffmann on the 

 Society Islands ('82), of descriptions of various reefs in the 

 Challenger report ('85), and of the Royal Society report on 

 Funafuti ('04) ; of articles by Hagar on the Marshall Islands 

 ('86), Bourne on Diego Garcia ('88), Heilprin on Bermuda ('89), 

 Hickson on North Celebes ('89), Lister of the Egeria on Tonga 

 ('91), Jukes-Brown and Harrison on Barbadoes ('91), Saville 

 Kent on the Great Barrier reef ('93), Bernard on New Caledonia 

 ('95), Semon on East Indian reefs ('96), Dahl on the New 

 Guinea region ('99), and Sollas on Funafuti ('99). 



The same statement is true of articles by Ortmann ('92), 

 Baumann ('99), Crossland ('02), Voeltzkow ('03), Bornhardt 

 ('00), and Werth ('01), on reefs of the East African coast and 

 islands, except that the last two observers recognise embay- 

 ments as indicating subsidence ; of Guppy's numerous reports 

 on the reefs of the Solomon Islands, Fiji and other islands ; of 

 Gardiner's many studies in Fiji ('98), the Maldives ('02), and 

 elsewhere ('86) ; of Agassiz' extended researches in Hawaii 

 ('89), the Bahamas ('94), Australia ('96), Fiji ('98), and many 

 other islands of the Pacific ('03). It is true, however, that the 

 three last-named investigators mentioned the evidence for sub- 

 sidence given by embayed shorelines in order to express their 

 disbelief in its validity. The same statement holds regarding 

 the report on Torres Straits by Haddon, Sollas, and Cole 

 and regarding accounts of Yap in the Carolines by Volkens 

 ('01), of Rota in the Mariana group by Fritz ('02), of Jaluit by 

 Schnee ('04), of the New Hebrides by Mawson ('05), of the 

 New Guinea region by Sapper ('10), Richarz ('10), and Wernicke 

 ('12), of atolls in the Indian Ocean by Fryer ('10), of a general 

 discussion of atolls by Wood-Jones, based on observations of 

 Keeling atoll ('10), of Wallis Island by Viala ('n), of reefs in 

 the East Indies by Niermeyer ('11) and Wichmann ('12), of 

 various Pacific atolls by Elschner ('13), and of Nauru by Ham- 

 bruch ('14). 



General discussions of the coral-reef problem by Allman 



