TWO NOTORIOUS INSECT PESTS. 687 



the leaves on which it feeds. On leaving the egg, the larva at first 

 feeds on the soft parenchyma of the young leaves, but it soon acquires 

 the power of biting through the smaller veins and it then cuts a small 

 flap out of the edge of the leaf which it pulls over and fastens to the 

 upper leaf surface, thus forming a small shelter inside which it lies, 

 under the folded or curled leaf edge. Fig. IX shows the first shelter, 

 made by a larva shortly after hatching, in the edge of a young Milling- 

 tonia leaflet. As the larva grows, the shelter has to be made larger to 

 accommodate it. Fig. X shows the shelter of a larger larva, also on a Mil- 

 lingtonia leaflet. A single leaflet eventually becomes too small to hold 

 the larva, and Fig. XI shows a case in which the terminal leaflet has been 

 partially eaten and has then been rolled over and its lower end enclosed in 

 the pair of leaflets immediately below it, thus forming the shelter for the 

 larva. Figs. XIII and XIV show the front and back view, respectively, 

 of a shelter constructed on a still larger scale on a Millingtonia leaf. 



28. I have unfortunately been unable to secure so complete a series 

 of drawings, to show the method of constructing the shelters on teak 

 leaves, but they appear to be usually made by rolling over the edge 

 or ends of the leaves. Figs. XV and XVI show the shelter of a young 

 and mature larva respectively on a teak leaf. 



29. The method of attack followed by the larva is the same in 

 the case of both Millingtonia and teak leaves. The whole of the green 

 leaf tissue is destroyed, only the largest ribs being left, with small por- 

 tions of uneaten green tissue adhering to them here and there. Fig. 

 XII shows a larval shelter and the method of attacking Millingtonia 

 leaves, and Fig. XVII* shows a teak leaf attacked by the larva. 



30. The larva does most of its feeding at night, but even when 

 feeding it usually keeps part of its body inside the shelter, into which it 

 hastily retreats on being alarmed. 



31. Just before a change of skin, or before pupation, the larva lies 

 quiescent for several hours, and it then appears to be very susceptible to 

 injury, several larvae dying at this time, especially just before pupation. 



III. Mode of Pupation. 

 A. P. machoeralis. 



32. The puppe of this moth may be found in a variety of places, 

 such as on the green leaves on the trees, on the dead leaves on the 



* Reproduced from ' Departmental Notes on Insects that affect Forestry ' by E. P. Steb* 

 bing, F.L.S., F.E.S., by kind permission c>f the author. 



