274 JOURNAL, BOMB A Y NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XIV. 



longitudinal vein. The second nearer the first than the third, which is 

 usually nearer to the fourth than to the second. Five close to four at 

 the apex. The second and third the same size ; the fourth rather 

 larger. Cilia alternately black and fulvous, the latter where the veins 

 join the margin of the wing. 



[There is a considerable range of variation' — not in the actual pattern of the wing- 

 markings, but in the intensity and extent of the dark scaled areas, and consequently 

 in the size of the pale spaces. In some examples, the membrane of the wing is itself 

 tinged with fuscus. The membrane is also ninformly specked with minute black 

 bristles. The cilia (fig. 9) consists of a double row of elongate lanceolate scales, 

 those of the lower row only half the length of the upper scales. — E. E. G.] 



The relationship between Anopheles fuliginosus and malarial fever, if 

 any, is obscure. Trincomalie for the last hundred years, indeed since 

 the British occupation in 1795, has had a most unenviable reputation 

 on account of its unhealthiness. In 1898 the mortality amongst the 

 native population was 56 per 1,000, the highest in the Island, and due 

 almost entirely to malarial diseases. The fever amongst the garrison 

 has until the last three years been very severe, Fort Frederick, where 

 the majority of the troops have until lately been quartered, is built 

 upon or rather occupies the whole of a peninsula projecting into 

 the Bay of Bengal composed of gneiss with outcrops of quartz much 

 disintegrated on the surface. It is connected with the mainland by a 

 causeway and moat (of which more anon). The unoccupied portion of 

 the Fort is covered with light jungle. It is separated from the native 

 town by an open common about a mile and a quarter in circumference 

 which is military land used as a parade ground. At the beginning of 

 the British occupation this was a dense mangrove swamp, but was 

 drained about the year 1800 by Colonel Champaine. The town is 

 very low lying, the surface water being only a few feet below the level 

 of the soil. There are numerous cocoanut plantations in and around 

 the town, and during the North-East Monsoon the water is banked up 

 to water the young growing trees. There are also on the outskirts 

 several tanks surrounded by Hindoo temples and other buildings, which 

 mostly consist of mud huts or shelters composed of palm leaves and 

 thatch. The town contains 11,000 inhabitants. The tanks are used 

 for washing and frequently for drinking purposes, but are not so foul as 

 those usually seen in India. Immediately beyond the town, and 

 extending inland in all directions for some hundreds of square miles, is 

 a dense forest and almost impenetrable jungle highly malarious for a 

 great portion of the year and maintaining a scanty population of fever- 



