THE GAUR AND THE GAYAL. 237 



In the tame animal this loose skin of the throat and intereheeks is 

 often more highly developed than it was in this bull, and it then haDgs 

 in two well-defined drops of dewlap, which, however, usually ceases on 

 the throat. In no tame animal have I seen such a hanging pendulous 

 dewlap as this wild bull possessed on throat and breast. 



Some tame bulls possess no signs of a dewlap beyond the loose skin 

 of the intereheeks which is not often quite absent. 



I have been able to draw no connection as suggested by Demosthenes 

 (Field, August 20th, 1898) between the shape of the horns and the 

 existence of a dewlap. The bull with the heavy dewlap was an 

 enormous brute (19 hands 1 inch between two pegs placed at foot and 

 at shoulder) with one whole horn and the stump of the other. It had a 

 head much like that of the young bull shewn in a, the second series, 

 but with a still wider sweep and less upright horns. I gave the head 

 away before photographing it, or it would have been shewn as one of 

 the typical wild heads which yet had horns more widely divergent at 

 the tips than elsewhere. 



The old bull whose head is shewn as j had a thin fold of loose skin all 

 down his throat which, had he been in good condition, might have 

 developed into a pendulous dewlap, but the poor brute was very thin 

 and bony. 



As regards size there is of course an enormous difference, but even 

 this is nothing when compared with the little Bengali draught buffalo 

 and the huge wild bull. 



As to the size itself, everything depends on the way the measure- 

 ments are taken. The proper way is to place a peg at the heel of 

 the forefoot and another at the shoulder and draw a string straight 

 between them, not touching the carcase, which would give it a curve, 

 greatly increasing the height. Measured thus the biggest I have ever 

 shot stood 19 hands 3 inches, and seemed to stand far higher than 

 any other I have seen, though four of these measured 19 hands 

 1 inch. 



The late Major Priestly shot one in North Cachar, which, he stated 

 to be 21 hands, and which doubtless was so according to his measure- 

 ment, but my trackers who were with him when he shot the animal 

 in question said it was not nearly so tall a brute as the one I measured 

 19 hands 3 inches, though it was far more bulky. Some one, Col. 

 Pollok I think, records a Burmese bull shot by him as 21 hands, 

 but the Burmese and North East Indian animals are probably much 



