BATRACHIANS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 197 



Penang ; the "Skeat Expedition" obtained an adult male and female 

 at the foot of Gunong Inas, and two young at 3,000 and 4,000 feet 

 elevation ; and I captured a single specimen on the top of Bukit Tiinah, 

 Singapore, in June 1900. 



The adult males obtained by Flower and by the " Skeat Expedition" 

 had knob-shaped prominences on the occiput. Stoliczka does not men- 

 tion this in the description of his specimen (sex not mentioned) and 

 the knob was absent in my example (not sexed). It is probably, as- 

 suggested by Flower, a sexual characteristic of the adult male. 



8. Rana tigpjna, Daud. 



Rana tigrina, Cantor, p. 139 ; Boul., Cat. Batr. Sal., p. 26 ; id. 

 Fauna Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 449 (figured) ; Flower, P. Z. S., 1896, 

 p. 901 ; P. Z. S., 1899, p. 891 ; Laidlaw, P. Z. S., 1900, p. 885. 



I am inclined to think this frog must be rather local in its distribu- 

 tion in the Peninsula, and probably more abundant in the Siamese 

 States than in the South. In three and-a-half years' collecting I never 

 met with it. Cantor writes of it as u excessively numerous in valleys and 

 hills after heavy falls of rain." In the Peninsula it has been obtained 

 from Penang, Province Wellesley, Kedah, Patani and Kelantan. 



It has a wide range : Flower gives the distribution as Nepal, Sikhim, 

 India, Ceylon, Burma, China, Formosa, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Java, 

 Borneo, Celebes, Philippines, Lombok, Ombaai, Sumba. 



9. Rana limnocharis, Boie. 



Rana gracilis, Blgr., Cat. Batr. Sal., p. 28. 



Rana limnocharis, Blgr., Fauna. Ind., Rept., p. 450 : Flower, P, Z. S., 

 1896, p. 901, and 1899, p. 893 ; Laidlaw, P. Z. S., 1900, p. 885. 



Common and widely distributed in the Peninsula. This is the 

 only batrachian which I have found in brackish water in tidal creeks 

 and ditches. 



According to Flower it is known elsewhere from Sikhim, India, 

 Ceylon, Burma, China, Hongkong, Hainan, Formosa, Japan, Siam, 

 Java, Lombok, and Borneo. 



10. Rana hascheana, Stol. 



Polypedates hascheana, Stol., J. A. S. B., 1870, p. 147, pi. ix., 

 fig 3. 



Rana hascheana,S. Flower, P.Z. S., 1896, p. 902, and P.Z. S., 1899, 

 p. 894. 



Stoliczka found this frog common all through the higher forests of 

 Penang (about 1,000 ft.) and Flower obtained it from the same locality. 



