INSECT LIFE IN INDIA AND HOW TO STUDY IT. 189 



of this pest which has proved very troublesome this year (1903) to 

 crops in Sind. 



A large amount of investigation work remains to be done amoDgst 

 the smaller members of the family in India, as it is not improbable that 

 they are capable of developing into serious local plagues when favourable 

 conditions, such as a dry season and the adjuxtaposition of large masses 

 of their favourite food plants, occur. 



The remedies already described for the migratory locust should be 

 made use of where possible when the other locust pests of the country 

 give trouble. 



Fam. VI. Locus tidse*— Grasshoppers. 



These insects are generally known as the long-horned grasshoppers, 

 from the fact of their having very long bristle-like antennas as compared 

 with the short thick ones of the true locusts. They are usually 

 grass-green or brown in colour, and their bodies are flattened and 

 more lightly built than the true locusts. The eyes are round, the 

 legs slender, and tarsi four-jointed. Wings are roof-shaped. On the 

 tibiae of each of the front legs there are two auditory organs, and 

 the males make sounds by rubbing the basal portion of one upper 

 wing, the under side of which has a transversely ridged edge, over 

 a corresponding portion of the other. The female possesses a long 



sabre-like esserted ovi- 



positor. Fig. 18 shows 

 a common long-homed 

 Indian grasshopper from 

 Bombay by name Clean- 

 d?'Ms ligatus. The speci- 



Fig. 18.-A Long-homed Indian grasshopper. men depicted is from the 



Cleandrus ligatus. (Bombay) \. Bombay Natural History 



Society's collections. The eggs are laid on the ground or on leaves, 

 stems, &c. 



This family is of less importance than the true locusts. It contains 

 the insect known as Schizodadylus monstrosus^ Brulli, a grasshopper 

 which can be at once recognised owing to the fact that the ends of its 

 wings are curled up in a coil at the end of its body. It lives in bur- 

 rows in the ground, coming out to feed probably chiefly at night. It is 

 known as ' bherwa' in the indigo districts, where it does a large amount 



* It will be noted that the Locustidse are not locusts but grasshoppers, the true ' locusts' 

 belonging to the Acridiid<e— an unfortunate nomenclature which it would be impossible now 

 to change, 



