392 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XV. 



which had previously been dry. By 12 o'clock there were hundreds 

 of Callulce spawning in this water. I noticed that the embrace of the 

 male is not pectoral but axillary (as might have been expected of a 

 short-limbed frog with so stout a spouse !) ; the pair float on the sur- 

 face of the water, the female at intervals submerging her head and 

 bringing her vent high above the water ; a mass of ova the size of a 

 cherry is then suddenly expelled, and is apparently fertilized by the 

 male before sliding into the water. The couple then float motionless 

 for a minute or two, when another duster of eggs is passed, and so on. 

 I give these details as notes on the breeding of the Engystomatoid 

 Batrachians are few. Flower records the embrace as axillary in 

 Microhyla leucostigma. 



I took some of tbis spawn which I had seen deposited at noon ; 

 the embryos in the ova were black above and white beneath. By 

 8 a.m. the following day they had uncurled into tadpoles, still in the 

 spawn, and on my return from office at 4-30 p.m. they were free and 

 swimming about. Their colour was then blackish. I left on a trip the 

 next day and was unable to watch their development. Flower 

 (P. Z. S. 1899, p. 903) seems to think that some transparent tadpoles 

 (resembling those of Microhyla) which he obtained in Singapore be- 

 longed to this species ; if so, they must become transparent at a more 

 advanced stage. 



The drain from which this spawn was taken was completely dried up 

 in four or five days when I returned and the teaming thousands of 

 tadpoles in it had all perished. 



Distribution . — " India, Ceylon, Burma, Southern China, Siam, Cam- 

 bodia, Malay Peninsula, Celebes " (Flower). 



40. Phrynella pulchra, Blgr. 



Phrynella pulchra, Boulenger, A. M. N. H. (5) XIX, 1887, p. 346, 

 pi. x, fig. 2 ; S. S. Flower,P. Z. S„ 1896, p. 910. 



The types were from Malacoa (Hervoy). I can find no mention of 

 its recent occurrence in the Peninsula. It is also known from Sumatra 

 and the Mentawei Islands. 



41. Phrynella pollicaris, Blgr. 



Phrynella pulchra, Giinth., A. M. N. H. (5), XX., 1887, p. 313, 

 pi. xvi, fig. B. ; L. Wray, S. S. B. R. A. S., 1890, No. 21, p. 141. 



Phrynella pollicaris, Boulenger, P. Z. S, ? 1890, p. 37 ; S. S. Flower, 

 P. Z. S., 1890, p. 910. 



