RECENT NEUROLOGICAL PROGRESS. 281 



limbs, neck, face, etc., resembles the seh- and korspkdren, 

 differing from them in the locality and quality of the sensi- 

 factory surface with which connected rather than in the 

 intrinsic quality of its own activity. To call those sensory 

 and this motor is to imply between them a contradistinction 

 which in the view of Munk does not exist. The cortical 

 limb centre is one elaborated over sensory paths, not in its 

 case paths from eye and ear but paths from skin and muscle 

 and joint composing the limb itself. Just as the sensory 

 reactions via retina suffer in consequence of sufficient 

 damage of seksph'dre, so those via the limb suffer in conse- 

 quence of sufficient damage of the limb region, in what 

 Munk calls the geftihl-sph'dre of the cortex. Goltz, 1 

 obstinate opponent of Hitzig and Munk upon many points, 

 so far was early at one with them and with Schiff, 2 in 

 drawing attention to the blunted sensibility of the limb 

 ensuing on destruction of the cortex cerebri. He measured 

 the least weight which applied to the paw induced the dog 

 to struggle to withdraw it. A weight of ten to sixteen on 

 the defective side answered to one of four to six upon the 

 sound ; and this at a time when the dog had so far re- 

 covered from the ablation that " er lief und sprang wie ein 

 gesunder Hund ". The sensory end organs in the skin and 

 musculature are to the gefuhl-splidre as those in the retina 

 to the seksph'dre. Just as motor reactions can be obtained 

 in the eye muscles through the latter, so through the former 

 motor reactions in the skeletal musculature ; these latter 

 had indeed been discovered altogether prior to Munk's 

 work. 



Each limb area in the gefuhl-sphdre lies in especially 

 close touch with motor nuclei for those very parts whence 

 spring the sensory impressions playing upon the area itself. 

 How greatly its sensory ingoings affect its motor outgoings 

 is well seen in the experiments by Bubnoff and Heidenhain. 3 

 Thus ; a stimulus of carefully selected strength is applied to 



1 Pfliiger's Archiv, 1876, p. 9. 



2 Archiv f. Exper. Pathol., 1875, P- l l&- 

 8 Pfliiger's Archiv, 1881, p. 164. 



