324 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



these which were referred by Wiebel to the Jurassic, but 

 their fossils are typical upper Muschelkalk forms. Neither 

 the lower nor middle Muschelkalk is now seen in situ, 

 though their boulders are abundant ; but at the beginning 

 of last century, the latter, consisting of gypseous beds, formed 

 a cliff parallel to the main island. The lower and upper 

 Muschelkalk consist of clays and dolomitic limestones. 



The dolomites of the Wite Klif are succeeded towards 

 the east by clays and chalky beds, which occupy the floor 

 of the Skit Gatt, but are now buried in sand. Zones of 

 belemnites may be distinguished which correspond closely 

 with those of the Speeton Clay of Yorkshire. Perhaps the 

 most interesting is that of Belemnites fusiformis, which 

 consists of red chalk. The whole of the lower Cretaceous 

 appears to be represented except the middle Gault. 



The rocks which lie to the east of the Skit Gatt and 

 which are left dry at the ebb, consist of white chalk. This 

 was formerly referred to the zone of Belemnitella mucronata; 

 but really contains representatives of the Cenomanian, 

 Turonian and Senonian. 



TRIAS. 



Passing now to the consideration of the geological 

 systems in order, we commence with the Trias. 



In a paper on coral in the dolomites (25), Miss Ogilvie 

 returns to the subject of these rocks in Southern Tyrol. 

 She has already l dealt in detail with the stratigraphy of 

 some parts of this area, and her chief object here is to show 

 that it is the " cipit " limestones, and not the great masses of 

 dolomite, which deserve the name of coral reefs. 



During early Triassic times the central core of the 

 Alps was land ; and thus the sea was shallow in the 

 northern part of Southern Tyrol, and deeper towards the 

 south. Somewhat to the north of the present Schlern 

 Mountain there was a great eruption of volcanic material 

 under the sea, and this formed a ridge or barrier some 

 distance from the coast. At about the same period 



1 Quart. Journ. Geo/. Soc, vol. xlix. (1893), p. 1. 



