MESOZOIC AXD KAINOZOIC GEOLOGY IN EUROPE. 331 



The rocks of this patch have hitherto been referred to the 

 Cenomanian ; but Michael shows that the upper portion 

 must be separated off as Turanian. The Cenomanian 

 commences with a conglomeratic and calcareous series 

 which rests immediately upon the granite of Cudowa. 

 This is succeeded by "Ouader" and " Planer" sandstones 

 capped by a glauconitic bank. Throughout the whole the 

 commonest fossils are Exogyra columba, Ostrea carinata, 

 Pecten asper and Janira longicauda ; but the upper beds 

 also contain forms which are not elsewhere confined to the 

 Cenomanian. It is clear, however, that the zones which 

 Schluter has established for the Cenomanian of Westphalia 

 cannot be distinguished here. 



Above the glauconite bank come clayey and sandy beds, 

 calcareous in the lower part, free from lime in the upper. 

 These contain Inoceramus labiatus, I. Brongniarti and 

 other fossils ; and must clearly be referred to the Turanian. 



Here, as in Saxony and many other parts of Europe, 

 it will thus be seen that the Cretaceous begins with a 

 Cenomanian conglomerate, showing that the Cretaceous 

 sea first began to spread over these regions in Cenomanian 

 times. 



Passing over to Italy it has been shown by Sacco (31), 

 in the northern part of the Apennines, that a considerable 

 portion of the beds which have hitherto been referred to 

 the Eocene under the name of " argiles ecailleuses " and 

 " schistes ophiolithiques " must really be of Cretaceous age. 

 He describes the fossils, and amongst them we have 

 such typically Cretaceous forms as Hamites, Inoceramus 

 Cripsi, etc. 



In the northern part of the province of Venice a band 

 of Cretaceous rocks lies along the lower slope of the Alps 

 from near Bassano to the valley of Tagliamento ; and the 

 north-east portion of this band has been described by 

 Futterer (13). It is here bounded approximately by two 

 great faults, both of which throw down towards the south. 

 Between the Cretaceous and the older rocks of the moun- 

 tains to the north, there is the great peri-adriatic fault ; 

 while to the south the Cretaceous band is separated from 



