ME SO ZOIC AND KAINOZOIC GEOLOGY IN EUROPE. 337 



Somewhat farther towards the north, Toula (39) notes 

 the occurrence of Miocene at Kralitz, near Prossnitz. 

 There are two series, the lower of which consists of yellow 

 or greenish marls (Schlier) and contains masses of Pecten 

 denudatus; while the upper is composed of loose marls 

 with numerous fossils. In these upper beds foraminifera, 

 bryozoa and echinodermata predominate ; and of the forami- 

 nifera there are no fewer than 1 10 species. 



South of the Steinitzerwald, near Saitz, Redlich (27) has 

 obtained a number of Miocene fossils, the most abundant 

 of which are Ancillaria glandiformis (which occurs in 

 thousands), Ceritkium crenatum, etc. 



In Styria the border of the great Austrian basin has 

 been examined by Hilber (16), where, to the west of Gratz, 

 the Tertiary deposits rest upon the schists of the Eastern 

 Alps. The Miocene commences with a lacustrine facies, 

 consisting of clays with beds of lignite, and some limestones. 

 These belong to the first Mediterranean stage and are 

 succeeded by the Sarmatian, which includes limestones, 

 sands and clays with Ceritkium rubiginosum, Trochus 

 podolicus and other typical Sarmatian fossils. The eastern 

 part of the area is occupied by the Pontian, which is chiefly 

 remarkable for the number of its plant remains ; while 

 the succeeding Thracian or Belvedere beds (upper part of 

 Deperet's Pontian) are of the normal character and contain 

 Aceratherium incisivum, Mastodon iongirostris, etc. 



In the South-west of Russia there is a very extensive 

 area of Tertiary deposits, and these have been examined 

 by Ivanova (17) along the left bank of the Dniester in 

 Podolia. His remarks are directed towards the Sarmatian, 

 the fauna of which he describes ; and he has been led to 

 divide this stage into a number of horizons according to 

 the species of Ceritkium} 



In the western parts of Turkey in the province of 

 Albania, there is an extensive basin of Tertiary deposits, 

 which extends from Kanina to the south of Avlona and 



1 These horizons are not very distinctly defined. The Cerithia appear 

 to have changed very gradually. 



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