98 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



papers. Thus we find one by Prliiger (Pfliiger's Archiv, 

 Hi. 239), which is interesting, but long and very polemical. 

 It relates to nutrition with carbohydrate and flesh, and with 

 carbohydrate alone. It is a critical account of the older 

 experiments of Pettenkofer and Voit on this subject. By 

 feeding on carbohydrate alone, fat is seldom formed, but in 

 the admixture of carbohydrate with flesh, it is the car- 

 bohydrate and not the proteid of the meat that accounts 

 for the fat deposited. Another polemical paper is by 

 Seegen [Chem. Centr., 1892, ii. 84), who, replying to 

 Pfluger, maintains that sugar is normally produced in the 

 liver, especially from proteid, and that sugar is the source of 

 all the energy of the body. 



The general metabolism in a child fourteen months old 

 has been investigated by W. Camerer {Zeit. Biol., xxix. 

 227) ; the most noteworthy fact appears to be the relatively 

 small output of uric acid. 



Metabolism during inanition has been the subject of 

 two papers ; in one by Prausnitz {Zeit. Biol., xxix. 151) the 

 period of inanition lasted for two days ; the chief point 

 noticed being that on the second day the output of 

 nitrogen is often as large as, often larger than, on the first 

 day. The other paper, of which the authors are C. 

 Lehmann, F. Miiller, I. Munk, H. Senator and N. 

 Zuntz, forms a large supplement of 228 pages to volume 

 cxxxi. of Virchow's Archiv. The subjects of experiment 

 were professional fasters, and the fast lasted in one case 

 ten, in another six days. The names of the authors are 

 sufficient guarantee that the observations are of a thorough 

 kind ; indeed, we have here the most complete account 

 extant of the conditions of starvation. The various 

 portions of the subject, urine, respiration, circulatory organs 

 and so forth, were divided among the investigators, and 

 perhaps the most curious fact that strikes one on reading 

 this exhaustive treatise is that after all the changes from 

 the normal were so small. 



Respiration. — The papers relating to this subject have 

 not been so numerous as usual. Dr. Marcet {Proc. Roy. 

 Soc, 1. 58) has continued his researches on the ratio be- 



