92 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



(Centr. Physiol., vi. 512) points out that he observed these 

 facts as far back as 1877. Dr. Noel Paton {Brit. Med. 

 Jotir., 1893, n - 6S2) has investigated the influence of fever 

 on the glycogen of the liver ; a high body temperature 

 diminishes the hepatic glycogen, the reducing substance of 

 the blood being correspondingly increased, probably indi- 

 cating sugar formed from the glycogen. A paper by 

 Dewevre (Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 1892, 19) gives the rate 

 of disappearance of glycogen from the liver and muscles of 

 frogs during the period of hibernation. 



Coming next to the sugars, that in the blood is proved 

 to be dextrose by the phenyl-hydrazine test (Pickardt, Zeit. 

 physiol. Chem., xvii. 217), as is also that in muscular tissues 

 (Panormoff, ibid., xvii. 596). The conversion of maltose 

 into dextrose is found to be accomplished by the mucous 

 membrane of the intestine, probably partly by the intestinal 

 juice, and in part by the cells themselves ; the lymphoid 

 cells appear to be less important for this purpose than the 

 epithelium cells (Shore and Tebb, Proc. Physiol. Soc., 1892, 

 19). A diastatic ferment in blood serum and lymph dis- 

 covered by M. Bial (Pflliger's Archiv, hi. 137) differs from 

 similar ferments by converting starch, not into maltose, but 

 into dextrose. The carbohydrates of normal urine have 

 been investigated by K. Baisch (Zeit. physiol. Chem., xviii. 

 T 93) by the benzoic chloride method. Two were found, 

 one of which gives the tests for dextrose. With regard 

 to diabetes, F. Voit (Zeit. Biol.,xx\x. 129) finds that carbo- 

 hydrate is not available as a proteid-sparing food in this 

 condition, and (ibid., 147) that galactose does not increase 

 the hepatic glycogen, though it causes a rise in the sugar of 

 the urine. Diabetic coma can be produced in dogs by 

 intravascular injection of sugar, but it is probably produced 

 by the formation of acid products therefrom (V. Harley, 

 Brit. Med. Jour., 1893, u - 666 ; Jour. Physiol., xv. 139; 

 Proc. Roy. Soc, liv. 179). 



Bats. — The melting-point and composition of butter 

 Irom cows variously fed has been treated by A. Meyer 

 (Landw., Versuchs-Stat., xli. 15), and the composition of 

 over-ripe cheese by A. Maggiora (Exper. Stat. Record, 



