RECENT ADDITIONS TO ANCIENT SEDIMENTS. 363 



it is a question of considerable importance, some attention 

 may be paid to it. An examination of our text-books shows 

 . that a large number of fossils quoted as characteristic moun- 

 tain limestone forms are derived from the lists given by 

 Phillips in his geology of Yorkshire ; these fossils, and 

 many of the so-called carboniferous limestone fossils pre- 

 served in our public museums, are derived from the lime- 

 stones south of the Craven Fault. The district south of 

 that fault is one which has undergone great disturbance, 

 and limestones of very different ages occur in it. One 

 of these is recognised by the geological surveyors as 

 the Pendleside limestone, and from it a great number of 

 fossils have been obtained. It has yet to be proved 

 that this limestone is the equivalent of part of the car- 

 boniferous limestone north of the fault and not of one or 

 more of the Yoredale limestones. If it can be shown, and 

 in the writer's opinion it will be shown, that the Pendleside 

 limestone really appertains to the Yoredale, a large number 

 of our supposed typical mountain limestone fossils will be 

 found to come from Yoredale beds, and not from the car- 

 boniferous limestone at all! Under such circumstances 

 little astonishment need be felt at the view that our carboni- 

 ferous strata cannot be divided into zones. As a matter of 

 fact De Konihck and Lohest some time ago proved that 

 three subdivisions existed in the carboniferous limestone 

 itself in the North of England, a lower one containing 

 certain corals and fish, a middle one with Chonetes papilio- 

 nacea, and an upper with Productus giganteus (27). Gar- 

 wood is now working these and the Yoredale beds in still 

 further detail, and when his work is complete, and when 

 Tiddeman has finished the maps and memoirs of the richly 

 fossiliferous country south "of the Craven Fault, we may 

 expect to find our carboniferous deposits divisible into 

 zones in a manner comparable with that which holds good 

 among other and (strange as it seems to use the expression) 

 better-known strata. 



The probability of subdividing the carboniferous rocks 

 into zones is maintained by Waagen (14), who points out 

 that the carboniferous fossils have not received the careful 



