364 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



attention which has been bestowed on many of those of 

 Palaeozoic age. In the memoir, in which these views of 

 Waagen are advanced, much important information is given 

 concerning deposits which are represented in many parts of 

 Europe by anomalous strata, so that the development of 

 typical marine strata of that age is one which is compara- 

 tively little heeded by British geologists. According to 

 Waagen the Gannister series, the Pennant series and the 

 Ardwick series, or lower, middle and upper coal measures, 

 are absent in the Salt Range, but a group is developed there 

 which is newer than the coal measures, which he speaks of 

 as Permo-carboniferous. The basal or Talchir stage of 

 this group contains the well-known boulder-beds, the middle 

 or Karharbari stage comprises the middle speckled sand- 

 stones, and the upper or Artinsk stage," the lower Productus 

 limestone and the lower division of the middle Productus 

 limestone. The overlying beds are referred to the Permian 

 proper. A perusal of Waagen's memoir will remove diffi- 

 culties which have attached to some of the American 

 Permo-carboniferous deposits and similar deposits in Spitz- 

 bergen, and to the beds containing the celebrated Glossop- 

 teris flora. Much new information concerning the carboni- 

 ferous beds is also given by Barrois in his geology of 

 Asturias and Galicia. 



As our knowledge of normal marine Permian deposits 

 is still behind that of similar deposits of most other ages, 

 the description of the Permian marine deposits of the Salt 

 Range by Waagen (14) is a matter for congratulation. He 

 correlates the middle division of the lower Productus lime- 

 stone with the European Rothliegendes and its upper divi- 

 sion with the Weissliegendes and Marl slate, the upper 

 Productus limestone having unfossiliferous sandstones at its 

 top, with the Zechstein and Gypsum stage, and passage 

 beds into the Trias. Above the unfossiliferous sandstones 

 are beds with Ceratite limestones at the base marking the 

 advent of the Triassic period. 



The above brief outline of recent work amongst the 

 Palaeozoic rocks is designed to show the advance made of 



